The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosa lesions in children aged 4-13 yr from two schools, one (S1) having a higher socioeconomic status than the other (S2). In all, 846 children were examined, 463 from S1 and 383 from S2, of whom 555 were boys and 291 were girls. There were 359 boys and 104 girls in S1; 196 boys and 187 girls in S2. Fifteen different lesion types were discerned. The most frequent ones were recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) (92 cases); fissured cheilitis (54); herpes labialis (44); angular cheilitis (30); geographic tongue (25); smooth tongue (22); and plicated tongue (17). An outstanding finding was the contrasting distribution of certain lesion types in the two schools. RAU was observed in 19% of the children from S1, making up 50% of all lesions detected. However, in S2 only 2% exhibited RAU, making up less than 4% of observed lesions. On the other hand, herpes labialis was seen in 1% of S1 and 10% of S2 children, regardless of age or sex. Plicated tongue was found in 3.2% in S1 and 0.5% in S2; fissured cheilitis in 2.9% in S1 and 12.8% in S2; and angular cheilitis in 1.1% in S1 and 6.5% in S2. Therefore, there were no statistical differences between the schools in the ratio of total lesions observed to children examined, but a significant difference was apparent when individual lesions were taken into account.
Microsomes from rat submaxillary glands are able to take up calcium from the suspension media. Calcium uptake is greatly increased by the presence of ATP. This effect of ATP is not detected at 0°C. ADP cannot replace ATP to potentiate calcium uptake. ATP-dependent calcium uptake is not observed in the absence of magnesium. ATP-dependent calcium uptake is enhanced by oxalate and, to a lesser degree, by inorganic phosphate. Total calcium per milligram of microsomal protein observed when tests were performed without oxalate closely parallels the amounts for skeletal and cardiac muscles reported by several authors. Calcium uptake in salivary gland microsomes is slower than in muscle mnicrosomes. Speculations are considered about the role of ATP-dependent calcium uptake. It is suggested that a decrease in intracellular free calcium levels returns these cells to the resting state after secretion.
Parasympathetic denervation reduced the size of the submandibular and major sublingual glands of the rat by about 30%. Calcium concentration was unchanged in the submandibular gland, but was reduced significantly in the sublingual gland. Sympathetic denervation elicited an increase in calcium concentration in the submandibular gland but not in the sublingual gland. Weight of the submandibular gland was reduced slightly, but that of the sublingual gland was not modified. After combined parasympathectomy and sympathectomy, both glands showed a significant decrease in size and calcium concentration.
Following intravenous administration of radioactive calcium, no differences were observed between blood and urine calcium specific activities even at early time periods. Following intraperitoneal administration of similar isotope solutions, however, a considerable discrepancy was noted between the specific activity in the two compartments, the urine specific activity remaining lower than that of the blood for as long as 5 hr. This same phenomenon was apparent after intravenous administration of radioactive calcium if a solution were injected intraperitoneally at the time of isotope administration. Blood/urine specific activity ratios exceeding unity were associated with periods of low calcium excretion. Adrenergic drugs, injected intravenously, were found to mimic intraperitoneal injections of isotope solutions. The response to intraperitoneal injections could not be blocked by atropine, but was absent in the presence of Dibenamine. It was concluded that an intraperitoneal injection had altered renal hemodynamics through a neural response which appeared to be sympathetically mediated. No evidence was found for a nonhomogeneous distribution of exogenous labeled calcium among the plasma calcium fractions. It is suggested that kidney tissue calcium is the source of the disproportionate amount of stable calcium appearing in the urine.
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