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In economies that are based on natural resources, efforts to achieve sustainability still seem unclear, especially in manufacturing companies. As a result, from a business perspective, many manufacturers have adopted various strategies to maintain their competitiveness in line with environmental regulations. In addition to product and process innovation, we have analyzed innovation based on product–service innovation (PSI), or servitization, which is seen as key to promoting more resource-efficient economies. This study examines the effects of innovation strategies on productivity and environmental impact. Based on data extracted from the National Innovation Survey of the manufacturing industries of Peru, a sample of 791 companies were analyzed. Our findings indicate that, although only a few companies carry out product and process innovation and especially product–service innovation, when they do, they have a positive effect on both productivity and environmental impact. However, this relationship is affected by the size of the company. Thus, the innovation strategies have a greater positive effect on environmental impact in large companies than companies with fewer than 50 employees. Finally, despite the importance of product–service innovation, it seems that this strategy is not yet established in Peruvian manufacturing companies. Given the positive effect on productivity and environmental impact, we conclude by emphasizing the importance of establishing public policies aimed at disseminating and promoting this type of innovation, with specific support for companies with fewer than 50 employees.

The Spanish autonomous city of Melilla, located in northwest Africa, has one of the highest academic failure and abandonment rates in Europe. An effective way to improve this situation would be to improve students’ digital competence. In order to do so, teachers must have competent digital skills themselves and also be able to teach them. To determine teachers’ level of digital competence, the Spanish adaptation of the European Framework for Digital Competence of Educators was used to analyse the self-assessment responses of teachers in training at the Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences in Melilla, Spain. Several quantitative techniques were used to analyse data collected from a questionnaire based on the items in the framework. Indicators were given to each competence using a factor analysis to contrast differences between undergraduate and postgraduate students. Correlations between some of the students’ characteristics and the competences were estimated using OLS. The results show students’ self-assessment level of digital competence in different areas and differences between the bachelor’s and master’s programmes. Digital competence gaps were also detected in teacher training, especially in security. The conclusions highlight the need to improve digital security and facilitate a higher level of digital skills in line with the framework. Indeed, more hours of training in digital competence are required while taking into account the educational context and the technological, pedagogical and content knowledge needed to teach. Equally, the same skills must be developed by educators in order for them to transmit digital competence to their students and support them in educational centres.

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The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns in pregnant women and to assess the relationships between sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, and pregnancy-related factors. This is a descriptive, correlational study involving 306 pregnant women in Melilla (Spain) in any trimester of pregnancy. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used. Dietary patterns were determined via exploratory factor analysis and ordinal logistic regression using the proportional odds model. Three dietary patterns were identified: Western, mixed, and prudent. Sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, and pregnancy-related factors influencing dietary quality were established. The Western dietary pattern was considered the least recommended despite being the most common among women who live in Melilla (p = 0.03), are Christian (p = 0.01), are primiparous women (p < 0.001), and are in their first or second trimester (p = 0.02). Unemployed pregnant women were also more likely to have a less healthy dietary pattern (β = −0.716; p = 0.040). The prudent dietary pattern, the healthiest of the three, was most commonly observed among Muslim women (p = 0.01), women with more than two children (p < 0.001), and women in the third trimester of pregnancy (p = 0.02). Pregnant women who engaged in no physical activity or a low level of physical activity displayed a mixed pattern (p < 0.001). This study provides evidence on the factors influencing dietary patterns during pregnancy and suggests that more specific nutrition programmes should be developed to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women.

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Literature has provided empirical evidence showing the importance of location for understanding KIBS effective service provision. According to territorial servitization postulates KIBS are also fundamental for the development of the manufacturing firms. Despite KIBS can be an important source of innovation, limited attention is paid of KIBS in Latin America region. The purpose of this research is analysing the relationship between KIBS co-location and innovativeness of the manufacturing firms. Drawing on the World Bank Enterprise Survey 2017 for Latin-American countries, authors analyse 3,029 manufacturing firms using OLS method. Findings indicate that manufacturing firms’ location based on KIBS proximity is a critical determinant of innovativeness. This relationship is considerably stronger in Central American countries, where according to our data there is KIBS scarcity.

Purpose -This study aims to evaluate the effects of KIBS on innovation outcomes in micro firms that build machine tools according to the categories of KIBS. Theoretical framework -This article not only contributes to the theory on the innovation process by reinforcing the arguments that micro firms can achieve innovations, but also to the idea that KIBS have a positive influence on technological and non-technological innovation in manufacturing firms. Design/methodology/ approach -To achieve the objective of the study, the Mann-Whitney U Test was used as the analysis technique. A survey was carried out to collect data from 40 micro firms that build machine tools located in the Basque Country (Spain) and Emilia-Romagna (Italy). Findings -The results suggest that KIBS have positive effects on innovations in manufacturing firms. However, there are differences according to the categories of KIBS. For instance, T-KIBS favour technological innovation, while P-KIBS and C-KIBS affect non-technological innovation. In addition, ICT services also have a positive relationship with non-technological innovation. We conclude by highlighting the importance of T-KIBS to confront the challenges of Industry 4.0 and the need for further research to determine the role of KIBS in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Practical & social implications of the research -Micro firms need to enhance their absorptive capacity by increasing ICT and R&D investments, to confront the challenges of Industry 4.0, and given the fact that industry is beginning to incorporate more and more codified sciencebased knowledge. Perhaps hiring T-KIBS would be an appropriate decision for micro firms. Originality/value -This study contributes to the advancement of research involving different category of KIBS and their effects on manufacturing firms' innovation, especially in micro firms that build machine tools.