The Frente de Liberación Homosexual (FLH, 1967-1976) was the first political movement of homosexual men in Argentina. Despite its short life span, this organization set the ground for future developments. The FLH emerged in the context of increasing authoritarianism rather than being the result of a transition to democracy. The relationship with homophobic Peronists and left-wing traditions was, paradoxically, crucial for the emergence of the FLH. Most homosexual activists came from the Left, and they understood homosexual liberation as one aspect of the struggle against capitalism. These activists were highly critical of anticapitalist politics as it existed in Argentina at the time, but they also actively sought to become allies of the expanding New Left during the period. Eventually, however, the 1976-1983 military dictatorship made all forms of dissidence impossible, and the FLH had to dissolve.
Este artículo realiza un analisis del concepto de “capitalismo” en la Historia de la Sexualidad de Michel Foucault publicada en 1976 detallando el debate teórico con el marxismo y el neoliberalismo. En oposición a las nociones contractualistas, Foucault fundó una nueva agenda de investigación que distanciandose de la hipótesis represiva caracterizaba a la sexualidad como unidad artificial de caracter histórico relativamente reciente. El autor proveía ejemplos históricos de la emergencia de la sexualidad que coincidían cronológicamente con el surgimiento del capitalismo. Al mismo tiempo, proponía desvincular la relación entre sexualidad y capitalismo recurriendo a concepciones binarias que oponían oriente y occidente, o señalando a la confesión cristiana como factor precapitalista en la genealogía de la sexualidad. Puede observarse una ambivalencia respecto del uso mismo de la categoría de capitalismo, que en algunos casos está referida de manera más o menos explícita, y en otros casos está negada. Dado que la Historia de la Sexualidad se convirtió en un texto fundante para el conjunto de la disciplina, la ambivalencia inicial frente al marxismo y a la noción de capitalismo se amplificó en otros estudios realizados durante las últimas cuatro décadas.
Although homonationalism is a fundamental category in queer studies, it has never been used to understand the history of the Argentine lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender movement and the emergence of a hegemonic queer memory based on the self-representation of Argentina as a “European-like” and “white” nation that often claims to be different from “the rest” of Latin America. This article examines the history of the Argentine construction of whiteness to understand hegemonic queer memory today and analyze why the 1976–1983 dictatorship has been hyper-memorialized, while state violence against queer people in democratic times is downplayed. We also refer to homonationalism to understand the success of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender rights revolution and present a discussion of the relationship between lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender politics and the construction of queer memory. As homonationalism shaped the formation of a hegemonic queer memory in the twenty-first century, alternative memories of police harassment of travestis and homosexual men after and before the dictatorship have been hidden in plain sight through reframing, displacement, temporal transpositions, and other forms of scripting.
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