Start-up and operation of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor fed with an industrial effluent from a polymer synthesis plant containing 6 mg styrene l −1 was unstable. In batch assays with 200 mg styrene l −1 , 74% of styrene was degraded at a rate of 7 ml methane g −1 volatile suspended solids.day, without a lag phase. The toxicity limit (IC 50 ) of styrene was 1.4 mM for the acetoclastic activity, 0.45 and 1.6 mM for the methanogenic activity in the presence of 30 mM of propionate and ethanol respectively. Instability of UASB operation was attributed to other compounds such as acrylates or detergents present in the industrial effluent.
The use of building information modelling (BIM) in construction projects is expanding, and its usability throughout building lifecycles, from planning and construction to operation and maintenance, is gaining increasing proof. In the design of domestic drinking-water and sewerage systems (DDWSSs), BIM focuses on coordinating disciplines and their design. Despite studies promoting BIM environments for DDWSSs that take into account the regulatory frameworks of corresponding countries, these efforts do not include the use of parametric tools that enhance the efficiency of the design process. Therefore, engineers still use conventional 2D design, which requires many rounds of iteration, and manual work is also generally still used. In this research, we developed and validated an intuitive methodology for solving a specific DDWSS problem, using a design science research method (DSRM) as an applied science approach. This was addressed by developing an artefact and validating it through two case studies. The obtained solution combines BIM models and parametric tools to automate the manual activities of the traditional design method. This article aims to bring abstract BIM concepts into practice and encourage researchers and engineers to adopt BIM for DDWSSs.
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