The football (soccer) game between Argentina and England during the France '98 World Cup is analysed as a form of media event in which the sports encounter is the source of and high-profile focus for the media's mobilization of narratives of the nation, and reaffirmation of popular mythologies of the national. The legacy of previous Argentina-England encounters is discussed in the light of the persistence of foundation myths concerning the style and impact of the respective national versions of soccer, and the contemporary media's coverage of those myths. The media responses, primarily in press and television, to the 1998 encounter are reviewed and compared in both the Argentinian and the English settings. This comparative analysis is situated, in conclusion, within analytical debates concerning the geo-political nature of persisting sporting stereotypes, and methodological issues concerning the relationship between contextual historical analysis and textual interpretation
Este trabajo analiza los significados que los integrantes de las hinchadas de fútbol argentinas dan a las acciones violentas, a través de la categoría de aguante. Estas son parte de una forma de ser que los define y los distingue, y constituye un complejo sistema de honor y prestigio que valora positivamente la valentía, el coraje, la bravura y el arrojo en un enfrentamiento físico. Desde una mirada simplista y estigmatizadora, como la de los medios de comunicación y el sentido común, estos actores y sus prácticas son concebidos simplemente como "violentos", ya que ejecutan y dan valor positivo a distintas acciones que están ubicadas fuera de los límites de lo aceptable. Sin embargo, y paradójicamente, existen definiciones morales nativas que delimitan lo permitido y lo prohibido, lo justo y lo injusto en un acontecimiento violento. Descubrir y analizar estos límites nos permite estudiar la constitución de un espacio social donde estas prácticas son aceptadas y, también, analizar las relaciones con actores que ubicados por fuera de ese espacio se vinculan con los integrantes de la hinchada y, por ende, "negocian" con su código moral.
This work analyzes the meanings given to violent actions by the members of argentine football fans groups (hinchada) through the category of aguante. These are part of a "way of being" that both defines and distinguishes them, and constitutes a complex system of honour and prestige that valorates positively the courage, the bravery and the surrending in a physical confrontation. From a simplistic and stigmatizing analysis, like the one of the media and the common sense, these actors and their practices are conceived as "violent" because they execute and give a positive value to different actions that are beyond the "acceptable". However, and paradoxically, there are moral principles that define what is allowed and what is forgiven, the fair and the unfair in a violent act. Discovering and analyzing these limits allows us to study the constitution of a social space where these practices are accepted, and also to analyze the relationships with another actors that are beyond that space but are related with the members of the hinchada; that means they also "negociate" their moral code with the actors outside their boundaries
ResumenA mediados de 2002 presenté un texto en el que proponía un balance crítico de los veinte años de producción académica desde las perspectivas de las disciplinas sociales. Justamente, la aparición de ALESDE y la oportunidad de la edición de la primera revista continental dedicada a las lecturas socioculturales del deporte es una buena oportunidad, entonces, para revisar algunas de esas afirmaciones. Veinte años habían pasado entonces; casi diez más han transcurrido. Permítanme entonces proponer una nueva revisión crítica de las novedades centrales del campo en esta década, que incorpore algunas de las direcciones que aún entiendo como posibles y vacantes. Con una salvedad: si, como afirmé, hace diez años era factible conocerlo todo, hoy es imposible.Palabras-clave: ciencias sociales; deporte; balance. VINTE ANOS DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS E ESPORTES, DEZ ANOS DEPOIS ResumoEm 2002 eu apresentei um texto que fazía uma revisão crítica dos 20 anos da produção acadêmica a partir das perspectivas das disciplinas sociais. A fundação de Alesde e a oportunidade de publicar a primeira revista continental dedicada às leituras socio-culturais do esporte é uma boa oportunidade de rever algumas dessas alegações. Vinte anos se passaram, então, quase mais dez se passaram hoje. Então, quero propor uma nova revisão crítica das novidades do campo nesta década, para incorporar algumas das direções que ainda acho possível. Com uma exceção: se, como eu disse, há dez anos era possível saber tudo, agora é impossível.Palavras-chave: Ciências Sociais; Esporte; Balanço. TWENTY YEARS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SPORTS, TEN YEARS LATER AbstractIn mid 2002 I presented a text where I proposed a critical review of twenty years of academic production from the perspectives of the social sciences. The appearance of Alesde and the opportunity of its first journal devoted to sub-continental socio-cultural readings of sport is a great opportunity to review some of these claims. Twenty years had passed then, nearly ten more have elapsed. I want to propose a new critical review of the field's news in this decade, incorporating some of the directions I still understand as possible. With one exception: if, as I said, ten years ago it was possible to know everything, it is now impossible.
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