ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstrak tanin dari daun mahoni (Swietenia mahagony) dan saponin dari buah lerak (Sapindus rarak) menggunakan sejumlah pelarut, serta mengamati efek penambahan ekstrak terhadap fermentasi rumen dan metanogenesis secara in vitro. Pelarut yang digunakan untuk ekstraksi adalah air, metanol, aseton dan kombinasinya. Ekstrak tanin dan saponin ditambahkan pada botol inkubasi yang mengandung rumput Brachiaria humidicola dan legum Indigofera sp. (1:1 w/w) dengan perlakuan sebagai berikut (dalam empat ulangan): R1: kontrol, R2: R1 + 0,5 mg/mL ekstrak tanin, R3: R1 + 1 mg/mL ekstrak tanin, R4: R1 + 0,5 mg/mL ekstrak saponin, R5: R1 + 1 mg/mL ekstrak saponin, R6: R1 + 0,5 mg/mL ekstrak tanin + 0.5 mg/mL ekstrak saponin, dan R7: R1 + 1 mg/mL ekstrak tanin + 1 mg/mL ekstrak saponin. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 75% air + 25% metanol merupakan pelarut terbaik untuk mengekstrak tanin dari daun mahoni sedangkan 100% metanol adalah yang terbaik untuk mengekstrak saponin dari buah lerak. Produksi gas tertinggi dan penurunan gas metana terbaik didapatkan dari perlakuan R7. Sebagai kesimpulan, kombinasi ekstrak tanin dan saponin berpotensi untuk menurunkan emisi metana dari rumen. Kata kunci: tanin, saponin, metana, rumen, in vitro ABSTRACTThis study was aimed to extract tannins from Swietenia mahagony and saponins from Sapindus rarak by using different solvents, and to test their extracts on in vitro rumen fermentation and methanogenesis. Solvents used for extraction were water, methanol, acetone and their combinations. Tannin and saponin extracts were added into each incubation bottle containing Brachiaria humidicola grass and Indigofera sp. legume (1:1 w/w) according to the following treatments (in four replicates): R1: control substrate, R2: R1 + 0.5 mg/ml tannin extract, R3: R1 + 1 mg/mL tannin extract, R4: R1 + 0.5 mg/mL saponin extract, R5: R1 + 1 mg/mL saponin extract, R6: R1 + 0.5 mg/mL tannin extract + 0.5 mg/mL saponin extract, and R7: R1 + 1 mg/mL tannin extract + 1 mg/mL saponin extract. Results revealed that 75% water + 25% methanol was the best solvent to extract tannins from S. mahagony whereas 100% methanol was the best to extract saponins from S. rarak. The highest gas production and the lowest methane emission were obtained in R7. It can be concluded that combination of tannin and saponin extracts were potential in mitigating ruminal methane emissions.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menguji efek suplementasi daun gamal (DG, Gliricidia sepium), buah lerak (BL, Sapindus rarak), atau daun kembang sepatu (DKS, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) pada rumput gajah (RG, Pennisetum purpureum) terhadap fermentasi rumen dan metanogenesis secara in vitro. Rancangan percobaan yang dilakukan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan tujuh perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan meliputi: RG, DG, BL, DKS, RG 70% + DG 30%, RG 70% + BL 30%, dan RG 70% + DKS 30%. Peubah yang diamati adalah kandungan nutrien, produksi gas, kecernaan, profil volatile fatty acid (VFA), amonia dan populasi mikroba rumen. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan untuk membandingkan antar perlakuan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi pakan mengandung saponin seperti LF atau HL pada NG tidak mengubah produksi gas pada waktu inkubasi 24 dan 48 jam. Pakan HL baik tunggal maupun kombinasi dengan NG menghasilkan kecernaan bahan organik tertinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya (P<0.05). Suplementasi LF menurunkan emisi gas metana dibandingkan dengan NG tunggal (P<0.05), serta mengubah profil VFA menjadi lebih tinggi propionat dan lebih rendah asetat (P<0.05). Suplementasi LF cenderung menurunkan populasi protozoa rumen namun tidak mengubah populasi metanogen. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan pakan tinggi saponin bermanfaat dalam menurunkan emisi gas metana di dalam rumen.Kata kunci:In vitro, fermentasi rumen, produksi gas, saponin, kecernaa ABSTRACTThis study examined the supplementation effects of gliricidia leaves (GL, Gliricidia sepium), lerak fruit (LF, Sapindus rarak), or hibiscus leaves (HL, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methanogenesis and made a comparison with the Napier grass (NG, Pennisetum purpureum) grass. In vitro rumen fermentation was designed according to a randomized complete block design with four replications and seven treatments: NG, GL, LF, HL, NG 70% + GL 30%, NG 70% + Napier Grass on In vitro Fermentation Profile and Methanogenesis (P. Yuliana et al.) 167 LF 30% and NG 70% + HL 30%. The generated data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan's multiple range test and compared among treatment means. Addition of a plant containing saponin such as LF or HL to NG did not alter gas production after 24 and 48 h of incubation period in comparison to NG alone. The HL alone or blended with NG produced the highest IVOMD during the fermentation process as compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Adding LF supplement either singly or in combination significantly (P<0.05) reduced methane production in terms of %TVFA as compared to NG. Supplementation of LF plants has shifted VFA proportion towards more propionate and less acetate. The microbial population of LF, whether single or in combination had a tendency to reduce the rumen protozoa population but had no effect on methanogen population. It can be concluded that utilization of saponin-rich materials is particularly beneficial for reducing rumi...
This study aimed to evaluate the addition of saponin extracts from lerak fruit (Sapindus rarak) or hibiscus leaf (Hibiscus sp.) on chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population of cassava leaf silage. Lerak and hibiscus extracts were added to cassava leaf by following a factorial design 2 × 3, in which the first factor was saponin source (Sapindus rarak or Hibiscus sp.) and the second factor was addition level (0, 2 or 4% of cassava leaf dry matter). Cassava leaf was then ensiled in a lab-scale silo (1 L capacity) for 30 d under room temperature. The silage was subjected to further chemical composition determination and in vitro rumen fermentation analysis, including rumen microbial population by using real-time PCR. Results showed thatthe chemical composition of cassava leaf silage added with various levels of lerak and hibiscus extracts showed significant differences (P<0.05) for a number of variables such as crude protein, ether extract and saponin. The addition of 4% lerak extract on cassava leaf increased significantly gas production after 24 and 48 h, and organic matter digestibility than that of control. The addition of lerak extract at 2% or 4% hibiscus extract in cassava silage significantly decreased (P<0.05) ruminal ammonia concentration. However, the addition of lerak or hibiscus extract to cassava leaf silage did not alter rumen microbial population. It is concluded that the addition of lerak extract at a level 4% to cassava leaf silage increases gas production, organic matter digestibility, and decrease ruminal ammonia concentration.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.