The groundwater status of Vijayapura district is under semi-critical to over-exploited category and optimal application of irrigation water is needed for the sustainable water management in this region. In the present study, the rainfall, temperature, evapotranspiration variability and irrigation requirement of major crops was analyzed for three future scenarios,
Spatial and temporal estimation of soil loss is very essential for the sustainable planning and management of watersheds. In the present study, an attempt was made to estimate the soil loss spatially and temporally using RUSLE from a dry semi-arid watershed (Goparajpalli in Warangal District) and a wet semi-arid watershed (Seethagondi in Adilabad District) under changing climatic scenarios using PRECIS data. In the dry semi-arid watershed, the annual rainfall varied from 390 to 1181 mm with a mean value of 735 mm and a mean erosivity of 6260 MJ mm/ha/h/y. The mean annual rainfall during the base line period (1961-1990), mid (2021-2050) and end centuries in this watershed were 738, 835 and 777 mm, respectively. The mean erosivity during these periods were 5657, 9253 and 7170 MJ mm/ha/h/y and soil loss from crop land were 2.39, 4.02 and 3.14 t/ha/y, respectively. In the wet semi-arid watershed, the annual rainfall varied from 508 to 1351 mm with a mean value of 950 mm and a mean erosivity of 6789 MJ mm/ha/h/y. The mean annual rainfall during base line, mid and end centuries in this wet semi-arid watershed were 956,1088 and 1124 mm and erosivities were 10547,14437 and 14755 MJ mm/ha/h/y, respectively. Similarly, the soil loss from crop land during these periods were 9.18, 13.11 and 14.11 t/ha/y. Even though, the soil loss from the dry semi-arid watershed was relatively lower than the wet semi-arid watershed, it showed an increasing trend in the mid century and a decreasing trend in the end century whereas, in the wet semi-arid watershed, it showed an increasing trend in both mid and end centuries. Considerable spatial variation in the mean annual soil loss was observed in both the wet and dry semi-arid watersheds during base line period, mid and end centuries.
The study was conducted in dry lands of Madurai district with a sample size of 150 to study the vulnerability, resilience and adaptation strategies to climate change and also to assess the sustainability of dry land farming and livelihood security of dry land farmers. The results revealed that Thirumangalam block was highly vulnerable to climate change with the index value of 0.689. In ecological sustainability, sorghum was more sustainable. Economic viability analyses showed that cotton was more sustainable The dependency on local inputs was higher for both cotton and sorghum with comparative higher usage of local inputs, such as labour, seed and Farm Yard Manure. Migration percentage was relatively high in dry land agro ecosystem due to low employment generation in this system. Thus, the resilience analysis showed that the migration has to be checked, savings has to be enhanced. Farm Yard Manure was the most important green technology adopted by the farmers with a proportion of 50.00 per cent. The livelihood security analyses that farmers in dry land system were much secure in habitat and social network security. Farmers’ perceived decline in yield was the most important impact of climate change and labour shortage was the most important constraint in adoption of climate resilient technologies. Policy implication suggested include suitable technological interventions should be given to sorghum farmers to make the crop more economically viable. Government should initiate agricultural development and welfare programmes for dryland farmers in the region.
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