Research into interactions between construction activities, surrounding territories and neighboring developed areas is an urgent problem when natural and man-caused processes are studied and coped with during construction and operation of buildings and structures. Defects and damages of buildings that have not been detected and corrected in good time result in deformations. In addition to material outlays on recovery of structure characteristics their effects are detrimental to the natural and social environment. Therefore the prompt evaluation of building conditions, the forecasting of trends in development of defects and damages and the elaboration of measures on their stabilization or removal are very important. For that a mechanism of destruction and wearing of structural elements during construction and operation activities shall be understood and the opportunity of estimation of effects of environmental factors shall exist. For this purpose the objective data measured and collected with the use of instrumentation are vital. External factors are classified to natural and man-caused ones. The natural factors include atmospheric, climatic, ground, biological and seismic ones. The atmospheric, biological and ground conditions are of particular interest as for the last decades they are under significant man-caused influence. The work concerns with the principal natural and man-caused factors, in particular, deformations, landslides, underflooding and vibrations that have destructive effects on the operating availability of buildings and structures. The recommendations on determination of an optimal scope of instrumental measurements have been elaborated for such objects that are under construction or operation. Deformation processes are results of untimely detected defects and damages of building elements. Duration and sizes of defects in an object substantially depend on soil types at its base and types of deformation depend on structural features of buildings. Under the action of building weight and other vertical loads the base soils contract and that results in settlement of the foundation. Soils under foundations have various physical and mechanical properties and sizes of foundation settlements are various as
To predict the dynamics of landslide processes, it is necessary to have information about the change of factors of man-made and natural influences over time. An important source of such information is instrumental and geodetic monitoring. To choose an effective method and systems of instrumental monitoring, it is necessary to compare the main organizational and technological indicators (duration and labor costs) of variants of such systems. The calculation of the duration and labor costs for measuring work when observing the deformations of landslides can be determined on the basis of existing norms of uniform time norms and prices for survey work or using the trace element method of normalization of labor processes.The article presents a brief analysis of the relationship between the norm of duration of measuring works, on the example of geometric leveling of class II to determine the deposition of deformation control points (marks), determined by the current uniform norms of time and rates for survey work and the duration of the same labor process. microelement method of rationing. The list and structure of works on performance of leveling of the II class, as set of elementary labor actions (operations) so isolated and outlined that the further division is inexpedient is defined. The microelements of the labor process are singled out and their normative duration in hours is determined, obtained on the basis of the experience of operation of measuring instruments during the performance of works on determination of deposition of deformation marks.The coefficient of interrelation between the existing current norms and the actual duration of the labor process, determined by the microelement rationing method for works on geometric leveling of the II class, which allows to distinguish the actual duration of the labor process as a norm, without taking into account the duration of preparatory on holiday. The inconsistency of the current standards of measurement work with modern methods of work, equipment, features of instrumental monitoring, monitoring in compacted buildings and other types of work creates the need to determine the elements of the relationship between existing standards and the actual duration of work in modern construction.
Aim of this work – to set forth general principles of ground of efficiency of informatively-measuring technologies in the process of exploitation of objects of the real estate. Methodology. The method of substantiating the effectiveness of the restoration of the technical condition of real estate in the process of their operation is based on the use of information and measurement technologies to establish the technical condition of the object, which is a combination of information retrieval methods, instrumental measurement, analysis and processing of such information, technological and technical solutions to ensure the operational suitability of the facility in conditions of uncertainty. The method involves the formation of a repair strategy using information and measurement technologies based on the development of the life cycle of repairs and algorithms for selecting options for instrumental monitoring systems, choosing the procedure for studying the duration of measurement work, justification of labor and information technology costs and comparative assessment of total costs of real estate object. Results. It is established that measuring works are an integral part of the process of operation and repair work in its composition, which are carried out according to a single schedule of operation of the building and are part of repair work, and the frequency and volume of measuring, including geodetic work correlate with. To plan the volume of measuring work, their duration and labor costs are determined on the basis of existing time norms, and in their absence – by methods of technical rationing. Substantiation of the effectiveness of information and measurement technologies in the operation of real estate is performed by comparative assessment of total costs during the operational stage of its life cycle, taking into account the costs of implementing information and measurement technologies, that is the set of processes for obtaining information by instrumental measurement and processing ‘effective conclusion on the technical condition of the property. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is in the development of general principles for substantiating the effectiveness of information and measurement technologies in the operation of real estate. The practical significance lies in the improvement of standard solutions for the choice of composition and content of information and measurement technologies, taking into account their impact on the duration and labor costs of all types of repairs and reconstruction.
2 Normative documents on issues of examinations, certifications, safe and reliable operation of production buildings and structures.-K.: NDIBV, 2003.-144 p. (in Ukrainian).
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