The Indium Oxide (In 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles were synthesized through Acacia gum mediated method with the surfactants CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) and SDBS (Sodium Docecyl Benzene Sulfonate). The characterization of the synthesized In 2 O 3 nanoparticles was carried out by XRD, FTIR, RAMAN, TEM, SEM, EDAX, UV-Vis and PL techniques. TG-DTA analysis was performed to know the calcination temperature of In 2 O 3 nanoparticles. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized In 2 O 3 nanoparticles. The morphology and chemical composition were characterized by TEM, SEM and EDAX respectively. It was observed that morphology and size of synthesized nanoparticles measured by TEM and SEM analysis were dependent on the type of capping agent (surfactant) used. Raman and UV-Vis spectral analysis confirmed that the band gap value of CTAB capped In 2 O 3 particles were larger than the SDBS capped In 2 O 3 particles. FTIR analysis indicated that the bands were stretched in In 2 O 3 particles capped by SDBS than by CTAB. From the photoluminescence studies (PL technique), a blue shift in the emission peaks of CTAB and SDBS capped In 2 O 3 particles was observed that indicates larger optical band gap than the bulk.
A series of Co-Cr nanoferrites having the chemical formula CoCr x Fe 2 − x O 4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0) were synthesized by citrate-gel autocombustion method at a very low temperature (180°C). The X-ray diffraction analysis of as-synthesized powders and sintered powders has confirmed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structure. The average particle size of the synthesized ferrites was 6 to 12 nm. Magnetic susceptibility measurements using Faraday magnetic susceptibility balance showed the paramagnetic nature of the ferrites. Magnetic properties of Co-Cr nanoferrites were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature in the applied field of 15 kOe. The saturation magnetization decreased from 33.84 to 13.83 emu/g with increase in Cr 3+ concentrations, indicating the fact that the lesser magnetic Cr 3+ ions substitute Fe 3+ ions in the octahedral sublattice of the ferrite. With improvement in the magnetic properties, the synthesized nanoferrites become soft magnetic materials. Such materials are useful in transformer and motor cores to minimize the energy dissipation with the alternating fields associated with AC electrical applications. The coercivity of pure CoFe 2 O 4 was larger than that of the Cr-doped cobalt ferrites.
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