The leachate produced by waste disposal sites contains a large amount of substances which are likely to contaminate ground water. The impact of such sites upon ground water can be judged by monitoring the concentration of potential contaminants at a number of specific monitoring points. In this study, the quality of ground water around a municipal solid waste disposal site in Chennai was investigated. Chemical analyses were carried out on water samples collected at various radial distances from the boundary of the dumping yard, at intervals of 3 months and for a period of 3 years. The study has revealed that the ground water quality does not conform to the drinking water quality standards as per Bureau of Indian Standards. The effects of dumping activity on ground water appeared most clearly as high concentrations of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total hardness, chlorides, chemical oxygen demand, nitrates and sulphates. Leachate collected from the site showed presence of heavy metals. The contaminant concentrations tend to decrease, during the post monsoon season and increase, during the pre monsoon season in most of the samples. The study clearly indicates that landfills in densely populated cities should have the ground water monitored on regular basis. Furthermore, ground water in and around the landfill sites shall not be used for drinking purposes unless it meets specific standards. Indiscriminate dumping of wastes in developed areas without proper solid waste management practices should be stopped.
An Ag-Cu (AC) bimetallic alloy nanoparticles in various proportions were fabricated by facile electrochemical process is presented in this work. Apart from the electrochemical method of synthesis, the surface morphology, crystal structure and texture as well as the optical properties of the nano alloy have been investigated. The surface morphology and the particle size of the Ag-Cu deposits were deliberated by scanning electron microscopic studies. The preferred orientation and average particle size of the AC NTs were obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis. The well-dispersed AC nano alloy (NA) exhibited ultrafine size and high crystallinity corresponding to face centered cubic Ag and Cu. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was performed to study the optical properties of the nano alloy and the results showed that the nano alloys have wide band gap energies 3.18, 3.57 and 3.03 eV for AgCu, AgCu 2 and AgCu 3 NAs, respectively. The studies on size, morphology and composition of the nanoparticles were performed by means of transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray Analysis.
India is the third largest coconut cultivating country in the world. South India states are the predominant coconut cultivating area in India. Coconut shell (CS) and coconut shell ash (CSA) are unavoidable by-products from agricultural industry. As a part of solid waste management, the investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing cement by CSA and coarse aggregate by CS. The replacement level was considered as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% in both cement and coarse aggregate by CSA and CS respectively. Normal strength concrete was considered in this investigation. The density and mechanical properties of concrete such as 28 days cured compressive strength and flexural strength were determined. Using 3D graphical analysis, the optimum replacement of cement and coarse aggregate was predicated in this investigation.
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