Background/Objectives: There is only limited research work is going on in the field of facial expression recognition on low resolution images. Mostly, all the images in the real world will be in low resolution and might also contain noise, so this study is to design a novel convolutional neural network model (FERConvNet), which can perform better on low resolution images. Methods: We proposed a model and then compared with state-of-art models on FER2013 dataset. There is no publicly available dataset, which contains low resolution images for facial expression recognition (Anger, Sad, Disgust, Happy, Surprise, Neutral, Fear), so we created a Low Resolution Facial Expression (LRFE) dataset, which contains more than 6000 images of seven types of facial expressions. The existing FER2013 dataset and LRFE dataset were used. These datasets were divided in the ratio 80:20 for training and testing and validation purpose. A HDM is proposed, which is a combination of Gaussian Filter, Bilateral Filter and Non local means denoising Filter. This hybrid denoising method helps us to increase the performance of the convolutional neural network. The proposed model was then compared with VGG16 and VGG19 models. Findings: The experimental results show that the proposed FERConvNet_HDM approach is effective than VGG16 and VGG19 in facial expression recognition on both FER2013 and LRFE dataset. The proposed FERConvNet_HDM approach achieved 85% accuracy on Fer2013 dataset, outperforming the VGG16 and VGG19 models, whose accuracies are 60% and 53% on Fer2013 dataset respectively. The same FERConvNet_HDM approach when applied on LRFE dataset achieved 95% accuracy. After analyzing the results, our FERConvNet_HDM approach performs better than VGG16 and VGG19 on both Fer2013 and LRFE dataset. Novelty/Applications: HDM with convolutional neural networks, helps in increasing the performance of convolutional neural networks in Facial expression recognition. Keywords: Facial expression recognition; facial emotion; convolutional neural network; deep learning; computer vision
Coronavirus pandemic disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Generally RT-PCR or other Nucleic testing is used in order to detect covid19. In computed Tomography Scans, it can be clearly viewed that to how much extent the virus has damaged the Lungs. Computed Tomography gives the result in 15 minutes, whereas RT PCR takes 24 hours. PCR only checks whether virus is in nose or throat but the proposed model checks in lungs which is most accurate. The utilization of computed Tomography Scans will give us better and accurate results. The proposed novel model helps to recognize the corona virus in Lungs Computed Tomography Scans and achieved an accuracy of 0.93 with Gabor filter and 0.85 without Gabor filter. The existing models VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50 and M obile Net achieves an accuracy of 0.89,0.91,0.91,0.91 respectively using Gabor filter and 0.78,0.71,0.81 and 0.89 without using Gabor Filter. Gabor filter will help to remove the noise from the data, it is linear filter and orientation sensitive. Our model achieves an accuracy 0.93 which is better than VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, M obile Net models using Gabor Filter.
Tin(IV) complexes of 7-substituted 6,7-benzo-1,5-dizepines have been synthesized in absolute alcoholic medium. Elemental analysis indicates that the complexes have 1:2 stoichiometry of the type L2SnCl4, TGA data support this conclusion. Molar conductance values in DMF at 10–3 M suggest that, these complexes are non-electrolytes. Infrared spectral data shows the involvement of C=N and NH groups in coordination with the metal ion. X-ray diffraction pattern of few representative complexes indicate that, these are having simple cubic crystal structure. The energy of activation and order of reaction are calculated using TGA data of the complexes. All these information support that Sn(IV) in these complexes exhibits coordination number eight.
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