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Phonetic baseforms are the basic recognition units in most large vocabulary speech recognition systems. These baseforms are usually determined by hand once a vocabulary is chosen and not modified thereafter. However, many applications of speech recognition, such as dictation transcription, are hampered by a fixed vocabulary and require the user be able to add new words to the vocabulary. At least one phonetic baseform must be assigned to each new word to properly integrate the word into the recognition system. Dictionary lookup is often unsuccessful in determining a phonetic baseform because new words are often names or task-specific jargon; also, talkers tend to have idiosyncratic pronunciations for a substantial fraction of words. This paper describes a series of experiments in which the phonetic baseform is deduced automatically for new words by utilizing actual utterances of the new word in conjunction with a set of automatically derived spelling-tosound rules. We evaluated recognition performance on new words spoken by two different talkers when the phonetic baseforms were extracted via the above approach. The error rates on these new words were found to be comparable to or better than when the phonetic baseforms were derived by hand, thus validating the basic approach.

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Stent-retriever based mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has gained wide acceptance as the treatment of choice for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO). The Embotrap 3 is the latest iteration within this class of device. We present our results using the new Embotrap 3 device. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective review of our prospectively maintained database to identify all patients treated with the Embotrap 3 stent-retriever between January 2021 and January 2022. We recorded the baseline demographics, NIHSS, ASPECT score and clot characteristics, first pass and final eTICI scores, complications and 90 day mRS. Results One hundred and ten patients met the inclusion criteria, average age 69 ± 14 years, 50% were male ( n = 55). The median NIHSS at presentation was 18 (range 3–30) and 58.2% received IV tPA prior to MT. The median ASPECT score on plain CT was 8 with average clot length 20.2 ± 14.8 mm ( n = 93). The first pass effect (FPE) was seen in 41.8% of cases with modified FPE seen in 59.1%. A 24-hour CT scan ( n = 97) showed median ASPECTs of 7. 43.8% of patients achieve mRS ≤ 2 at 90-day mRS ( n = 64). Conclusion The Embotrap 3 stent-retriever has a high rate of FPE and final recanalization in this real world cohort of patients.

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