The rational use of lasers as sources of radiation is also related to the development of optical systems for conversion of laser radiation. One of the ways to convert the laser radiation is related to its collimation, changing the cross-section and changing the divergence. This article presents a methodology for designing two component optical systems to reduce the divergence of laser beams. Ready-made optical elements were used, with which three different configurations were created and analyzed. The optical design was developed and subsequent optimization was performed. The resulting system has diffraction-limited quality of the outgoing laser beam and small dimensions.
Over the last decade, laser surface treatment of stones has gained increasing scientific interest. New technologies and processes based on different types of laser sources and processing modes are being studied. This report examines the process of laser ablation of a marble surface using a fiber laser. Three factors influencing the process of laser marking and engraving were studied: laser power, processing speed and step between raster lines. The functional dependencies between these factors and the contrast of the obtained graphic image are established. The optimal operating intervals for this group of technological parameters are analyzed. Thanks to the very-high-definition laser ablation, inscriptions, drawings and images can be re-created and processed with unique accuracy. In addition, the reduction of manufacturing time and resources used in the process makes this technology an environmentally-friendly and extremely cost-efficient solution.
In modern production, each finished product entering the market is identified by a special marking. Each mark must meet requirements such as good coding, easy to see, easy to read by certain readers, stable over time, etc. In the present casting, laser marking of the C75 steel was carried out with a fiber laser with an average power of P = 30 W and a wavelength of λ = 1064 nm. For semi-contrast marking, marking speeds from 100 mm/s to 700 mm/s, average power from 10 to 30 W, raster pitch from 20 µm to 60 µm, scanning frequency from 20 kHz to 150 kHz were investigated as constant parameters are the pulse duration τ =100 ns, number of repetitions N = 1 and defocus Δ f = 0 mm. The influence of the changing parameters on the contrast was established, and experimental dependences were constructed. The achieved research results show that to obtain a high contrast mark, the average power should be above 20 W, the scanning speed up to 300 mm/s, the scanning frequency up to 50 kHz and the raster pitch up to 40 µm.
Laser marking with a nanosecond fiber laser is one of the most common ways to permanently mark various engineering materials. The roughness of the machined surface and its observation is essential to evaluate the impact on the contrast of the marking as well. Experimental studies of the roughness obtained as a result of the laser marking, were inspected using a 3D measuring laser microscope OLYMPUS LEXT OLS5100. Analysis of the graphical dependence of the roughness function on the four process parameters: laser power, frequency, speed of marking and step.
Marking of metal products is essential in many industrial processes. It is mandatory for the finished products according to regulations of the European and world legislation. Traditional marking usually creates contrasting symbols that can easily be erased and forged.In recent years, a new method for product identification has appeared - color marking. One of the advantages of this method is that it is difficult to counterfeit. This article aims to present the progress of color marking technology on two types of materials. Three groups of factors have been analyzed: the laser source; the technological process; material properties. Their role in obtaining a specific color marking on Ti and AISI 304 is shown. The results are presented in tables. Each color can be repeated only with strict observance of the three groups of factors.
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