A partially purified protein fraction was isolated from seed flour of the Indian wild bean, Lablab purpureus, by ion exchange and size-exclusion chromatographies. Partially purified L. purpureus proteins had hemagglutination and glycoslyation properties similar to those of lectins or lectin-like proteins from other pulses. Data obtained from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, MALDI-TOF, and MALDI-TOF/TOF and N-terminal protein sequencing of the isolated polypeptides from L. purpureus demonstrated that the extract contained proteins similar to isoforms of arcelins 3 and 4 and pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PvPR1) of Phaseolus vulgaris. L. purpureus proteins were resistant to degradation by the commercial enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin and were moderately resistant to pepsin, but were readily hydrolyzed to smaller peptides by papain. Insect feeding bioassays of the extract with the storage pests Rhyzopertha dominica and Oryzaephilus surinamensis, internal and external feeders of grain, respectively, demonstrated that L. purpureus proteins at 2% in the diet resulted in retarded development. However, a 5% dose of the L. purpureus fraction resulted in complete mortality of all larvae in both species. This study has demonstrated that proteins in the partially purified L. purpureus extract have the potential to control storage pests in cereals transformed with L. purpureus defense-related genes, but the need for more studies regarding efficacy and safety is discussed.
Prospective randomized controlled study. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effects of a different combination of anesthetic techniques in lumbar and thoracolumbar spinal surgeries in terms of muscle relaxation and surgical field in addition to hemodynamic parameters. Overview of Literature: Adequate relaxation of the erector spinae muscle and good surgical fields are preferred in lumbar spine surgeries. The effects of anesthetic techniques on these parameters have not been evaluated from a surgeon's perspective to date. We propose a novel combined anesthetic technique that improves the working conditions from a surgeon's perspective as we hypothesize that combining general anesthesia (GA) with regional anesthesia (RA) might provide benefits for both techniques. Methods: A prospective randomized study of 76 patients who underwent lumbar and thoracolumbar surgeries was conducted by randomly allocating patients into three anesthetic groups: GA alone, GA with spinal anesthesia (SA), and GA with erector spinae plane block (ESPB) by the allocation concealment method to avoid selection bias. The working conditions were assessed by the same operating surgeon who was blinded by the type of anesthesia to eliminate the assessment bias. Muscle relaxation and surgical field were compared among the three groups along with other hemodynamic parameters to identify any significant differences. Results: Significantly better muscle relaxation, surgeon satisfaction, postoperative analgesia, and blood pressure (BP) were observed in the GA+RA when compared to GA alone (p<0.01), whereas no difference was observed between the GA+SA and GA+ESPB groups (p>0.05). Complications were only observed in the GA+SA group (19%).
Conclusions:The study results suggest that the addition of RA to GA may provide better working conditions and surgeon's satisfaction by improving relaxation of the erector spinae in addition to decreasing the BP and postoperative pain in contrast to the use of GA alone. The combined GA and ESPB techniques may be a viable anesthetic alternative to provide better working conditions for surgeons.
This book is a well edited work that brings together two crucial fields in urban pest management i.e., habitation of urban insect pests and innovations in sustainable actions in pest control. Fifteen chapters in this book have been contributed by renowned experts from different spheres of the world sharing their profound insights and experiences on the hazardous significance of urban pests. Chapters covering pests such as mosquitoes, flies, bed bugs, cockroaches, fleas, ants, destructive wood pests such as termites and borers highlight the dangers of these pests in urban living and need for their management.
Defatted Lagenaria siceraria seeds and those of Cucumeropsis mannii, obtained after lipid extraction using food-grade hexane, were converted into flours (defatted Lagenaria siceraria seeds flours, LSDSF; defatted Cucumeropsis mannii seed flours, CMDSF), and analysed for their chemical and amino acid (AA) compositions, protein fractions, protein molecular weight distribution, granular surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy, and thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, their antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging and phosphomolybdate reducing power assays. LSDSF and CMDSF contained mainly globular shaped proteins with high thermal stability. Composition wise, these proteins primarily consisted of globulins, glutelins, and albumin. AA analysis of the total protein identified 18 amino acids including all the essential AA. These flours thus could be potential sources of antioxidant compounds with higher activity in aqueous than in methanolic extract. Based on their composition and physicochemical characteristics, LSDSF and CMDSF are potentially good ingredients usable in food systems with low lipid oxidation.
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