It is well known that Load Frequency Control (LFC) model plays a vital role in electric power system design and operation. In the literature, much research works has stated on the advantages and realization of DR (Demand Response), which has proved to be an important part of the future smart grid. In an interconnected power system, if a load demand changes randomly, both frequency and tie line power varies. LFC-DR model is tuned by standard controllers like PI, PD, PID controllers, as they have constant gains. Hence, they are incapable of acquiring desirable dynamic performance for an extensive variety of operating conditions and various load changes. This paper presents the idea of introducing a DR control loop in the traditional Multi area LFC model (called LFC -DR) using LQR- Fuzzy Logic Control. The effect of DR-CDL i.e. (Demand Response Communication Delay Latency) in the design is also considered and is linearized using Padé approximation. Simulation results shows that the addition of DR control loop with proposed controller guarantees stability of the overall closed-loop LFC-DR system which effectively improves the system dynamic performance and is superior over a classical controller at different operating scenarios.
Now a days more power losses can be seen in grid connected inverter. In order to reduce that double frequency in single phase grid inverter with Artificial Intelligent based fuzzy control is implemented. The inverter has two operating units High Frequency Unit (HFU) and Low Frequency Unit (LFU), low frequency reduce switching losses and high frequency suppress the symphonious currents. The fuzzy logic method expected towards deliver high yield, low total symphonious distortion, rapid response. Finally Total Symphonious Distortion (THD) contrasted among fuzzy including Integral controls (PI). The results are validated by using MATLAB/Simulink.
This paper provides a Artificial Intelligent controller layered to analyze the power system’s logarithmic load frequency control problems. The control system ensures the preservation of steady frequency errors and of inadvertent bonding in a tolerance limit. The proposed control system was developed for a two-area hydrothermal heating system. The approach to control design is based on the two-degree internal model control (2DOF), which combines the fuzzy control technique for model order reduction to increase frequency excursions. Different techniques of the two-area reheating hydraulic energy system are integrated into the scheme and a correct combining of energy resources is seen in different operational conditions as a pragmatic solution. The IMC- FUZZY-PID architecture of the reduced order model, proposed with the original high order framework, delivers strong dynamic response and load sturdiness.
The objective of this paper is to monitor the electrical parameters like voltage, current, etc., remotely and display all the obtained real time values for a substation isolate. This paper is furnished to assure the load and electrical system equipment by the activation of relay, whenever the acquired parameters exceed the predefined values. Generally, this Proposed system design makes use of microcontroller, but the prototype of this circuit modelled in Proteus and can be executed by using ATmega 168 microcontroller. When supply is given to the designed hardware, all the sensors start sensing their respective parameters i. e., voltage, current, temperature etc., and modernize all the values on the display. Comparison between the problem-solving time values and the preordained values is continuously carried out by the microcontroller, if any of these values go beyond the pre-defined values, it sends fault alert to the relay, updates it on the screen and sends the same as an SMS through GSM for the rectification.
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