Es wird eine Ubersicht gegeben uber den Einsatz von Riihrkessel-Reaktoren und Kessel-Kaskaden bei technischen Substanz-, Losungs-, Fallungs-, Perl-und Emulsionspolymerisationen. Besonders eingegangen wird auf die vielfaltige Gestaltung der Ruhrorgane und der Kuhlvorrichtungen. Die unterschiedlichen prozefitechnischen Aufgaben des Ruhrwerks (Homogenisieren, Suspendieren, Dispergieren, Warmeubergang) und die daraus resultierende Scale-up-Problematik werden dargestellt und die diversen Arten der indirekten Kiihlung (Mantelkuhlung, Innenkuhler, AuDenkuhler) und der Siedekuhlung vergleichend bewertet. SchlieDlich werden sicherheitstechnische Maonahmen beim Betrieb von Polymerisationskesseln erlautert.Stirred tank reactors for polymerization. A general survey on stirred tank reactors and cascades of stirred tanks in industrial polymerization (bulk, solution, precipitation, grain and emulsion polymerization) is presented. Special consideration is given to the various designs of both agitator and cooling devices. Scale-up problems arising from the multitude of process functions (homogenisation, suspension, dispersion, promotion of heat transfer) carried out in a stirred vessel are explained and the divers methods of indirect cooling (jacketed tank, internal coil, external heat exchanger) as compared to evaporative cooling are assessed. Finally, safety measures in operating polymerization vessels are discussed. * Dr. H . Hachenberg, Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, Postfach 800 320, 6230 Frankfurt/M. 80.
Cleaning of equipment and piping. There has been an increase in the study of the causes of contamination and its appearance in equipment and piping. The increasing demands placed on the cleanliness of production plant for pharmaceutical and biochemical products has enhanced interest in industrial cleaning methods. Precisely this area will increase in importance in the future because this is where preventative measures and automation of cleaning will obviate the need for – frequently unpleasant – cleaning operations and at the same time effectively increase the capacity of a given plant.
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