Dental erosion due to intrinsic factors is caused by gastric acid reaching the oral cavity and the teeth as a result of vomiting or gastroesophageal reflux. Since clinical manifestation of dental erosion does not occur until gastric acid has acted on the dental hard tissues regularly over a period of several years, dental erosion caused by intrinsic factors has been observed only in those diseases which are associated with chronic vomiting or persistent gastroesophageal reflux over a long period. Examples of such conditions include disorders of the upper alimentary tract, specific metabolic and endocrine disorders, cases of medication side-effects and drug abuse, and certain psychosomatic disorders, e.g. stress-induced psychosomatic vomiting, anorexia and bulimia nervosa or rumination. Based on a review of the medical and dental literature, the main symptoms of all disorders which must be taken into account as possible intrinsic etiological factors of dental erosion are thoroughly discussed with respect to the clinical picture, prevalence and risk of erosion.
Since 2005, German universities are free to select 60% of their freshmen according to their own admission processes. In 2008, selection of medical students in Germany was mainly based on grades achieved in final school examinations (Abiturnote). Further criteria were used in various combinations: some medical schools conducted interviews or tests, while others rewarded work experience, research awards, or cultural and social dedication. However, solely high school grades and some measures of ability show acceptable validity coefficients with regard to academic and professional success. Evidence for the prognostic validity of interviews and other noncognitive criteria cannot be regarded as sufficient. Recent studies conducted in Hamburg and Heidelberg attempt to validate selection criteria such as a test of natural sciences, final school examination grades, work experience, and voluntary work in the social sector. For the selection of medical students, we recommend the use of final school examination grades in combination with special written test results or, in the case of dentistry, a test of manual dexterity. Interviews might be beneficial to emphasize the importance of non-academic skills and to strengthen the ties of students to their faculty.
The clinical and radiographic changes in a case of oculodentodigital syndrome are presented. The characteristic features of this rare developmental disorder, microphthalmus with microcornea and iris anomalies, hypertelorism, thin nose with hypoplastic alae and anteverted nostrils, syndactyly with camptodactyly and clinodactyly of the fourth and fifth fingers associated with bony anomalies of the middle phalanges of the fifth fingers and toes, were all present. In addition, histological examination of a lateral incisor showed the enamel dysplasia to be due to enamel hypoplasia; the dentine also showed marked hypocalcification. There were widespread pulp denticles and hypercementosis throughout the dentition. Both the patient and his mother had coronoid hypoplasia.
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