The microstructural features of three different materials have been quantified by means of 2D image analysis and X-ray micro-computer tomography (CT) and the results were compared to determine the reliability of the 2D analysis in the material characterization. The 3D quantification of shrinkage pores and Fe-rich inclusions of an Al-Si-Cu alloy by X-ray tomography was compared with the statistical analysis of the 2D metallographic pictures and a significant difference in the results was found due to the complex morphology of shrinkage pores and Fe-rich particles. Furthermore, wood particles of a wood-plastic composite were measured by dynamic image analysis and X-ray tomography. Similar results were obtained for the maximum length of the particles, although the results of width differ considerably, which leads to a miscalculation of the particles aspect ratio. Finally, air voids of a foam concrete were investigated by the analysis of the 2D pictures in ImageJ and the results of the 2D circularity were compared with the values of the 3D elongation obtained by micro-computed tomography. The 3D analysis of the air voids in the foam concrete showed a more precise description of the morphology, although the 2D result are in good agreement with the results obtained by X-ray micro-tomography.
The particle size and shape are of momentous significance for the mechanical properties of plastic composites. However, natural fillers, like wood, are not consistent in these attributes. In order to investigate the shared traits between these characteristics, WPCs were produced using polypropylene, hardwood and softwood fillers with different particle sizes and a coupling agent. Afterwards, specimens were processed using an injection molding machine. The filler sizes and shapes were measured using dynamic image analysis. Furthermore, a shortening of coarser particles was detected. Mechanical tests were carried out to gain information about the tensile, flexural and Charpy impact properties. Neither very coarse nor very fine particles showed the best results. Instead, medium-sized particles proved to be the best option. The evaluation of the particle geometry verified a definite correlation between the shape and the mechanical properties, especially regarding the convexity, which can be a useful indicator of the quality of fiber-matrix interaction. The fiber orientation in the matrix was visualized with images taken by X-ray micro tomography.
In den letzten Jahren ist der Einsatz von Hochleistungsbetonen zunehmend gestiegen. Für die Anwendung von Ultra‐Hochleistungsbetonen (UHPC) gelten neben den Anforderungen an die Tragfähigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit ebenso brandschutztechnische Anforderungen. Kennwerte zum thermischen sowie mechanischen Verhalten von UHPC unter Brandeinwirkung bestehen bereits. Aufgrund des hochdichten, nahezu kapillarporenfreien Mikrogefüges des UHPC führen Temperaturbelastungen > 250 °C zu einer Schädigung des Gefüges bis hin zu einem nicht vorhersehbaren Versagen durch explosionsartige Abplatzungen. Im Brandfall liegt die Temperatureinwirkung um ein Vielfaches höher und zudem sind zyklische Beanspruchungen nicht relevant. In Abgrenzung dazu wird ein Beton für den Einsatz als Konstruktionsbaustoff in Industriebereichen, wie z. B. dem Kraftwerks‐ und Schornsteinbau sowie in speziellen Applikationen im Maschinenbau, benötigt, der einer dauerhaften und zyklischen thermischen Belastung bis 500 °C standhält. Die hier aufgeführten Ergebnisse umfassen das Materialverhalten von bestehenden sowie optimierten UHPC‐Formulierungen bei unterschiedlichen thermischen Belastungsprofilen. Die Eigenschaften des Festbetons wurden vor und nach der thermischen Beanspruchung charakterisiert. Da die Basis‐Formulierung des UHPC nur bis zu einer bestimmten Temperaturstufe thermisch stabil war, wurde dieser durch Zugabe von Celluloseregeneratfasern optimiert, um explosive Abplatzungen zu vermeiden und diesen thermisch zu stabilisieren.
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