Background: Polycystic ovarian disease is one of the most common causes of infertility in women of reproductive age. Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), a member of transforming growth factor (TGF) family which is secreted by granulosa cells of growing follicle, is found to be increased to three to four fold in Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) patients as evidenced by previous studies. But the level of AMH in relation to the infertile status of PCOS was not studied yet. The present study was focused to determine the discriminative power of AMH in infertility subjects with regular cycles and infertility subjects associated with PCOS. Methods:The subjects under study were one hundred and twenty infertile women of age group ranging from 27-35 years. Subjects, were further divided into sixty infertile with regular cycles as controls (Group1) and sixty infertile subjects with PCOS as cases (Group 2). Hormones like FSH, E2 and AMH were assayed for all the subjects. Mean and student t-test for all hormones were compared between controls and cases. The diagnostic power of AMH pertaining to sensitivity and specificity was evaluated by Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: Serum AMH level were two fold higher in PCOS patients than in controls. The mean value of AMH also shows a test of significance between the two groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the AMH assay was 0.95 in infertile group when 3.34ng/ml was used as cut off point indicating its better discriminative power and good diagnostic potency. Setting the AMH value at 3.34ng/ml sensitivity, specificity,Positive Predictive Value(PPV) and Negative Predictive Value(NPV) were observed 98% ,93%, 93% and 98% respectively. Conclusion:The diagnostic potency of Area Under Curve (AUC) for AMH in infertile subjects reflects that AMH is a potential marker for recruited non growing follicles rather than a simple marker for ovarian reserve as it is predominantly produced by small follicles rather than a simple marker for ovarian reserve. BACkgROundThe primary function of the human ovary is the production of sex steroid hormones and gametes. At around 20 weeks of foetal development, the female gamete forms primordial follicles and with the onset of menarche, the follicles grow in size. Recruitment of follicles for the ovulation process continues until the primordial follicle pool is exhausted, resulting in menopause in women.The size of the primordial follicle stocks is difficult to measure directly and studies have suggested that the number of growing follicles is correlated to the size of primordial follicle stock from which they are recruited [1, 2]. A marker is required to ascertain the transition from the primordial follicle to the growing follicle, which reflects the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the ovarian reserve. Transvaginal ultrasonography measurement of antral follicular count (AFC) and ovarian volume (OV) indicate and reflect the size of primordial follicle pool. The ovarian volume (OV) indirectl...

The aim of the study was to evaluate oxidative stress in uncomplicated pregnancy by determining the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) levels. The study was performed on 100 women attending the antenatal outpatient department of Sree Balaji Medical college and Hospital, Chromepet. Serum MDA and Cp levels were measured in the venous blood samples taken in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Serum Malondialdehyde was estimated by manual method of Thiobarbituric reactive substances 5. Serum Ceruloplasmin level was estimated manually by Paraphenylene diamine method 6. The results were compared between the first and second trimester. MDA levels were high in the second trimester compared to the first trimester (with a p value=0.01). Cp levels were high in the second trimester compared to the first trimester (with a p value=0.01).The conclusion of the research were the pregnant women in the second trimester have increased level of oxidative stress.

No abstract

No abstract

Background: Air or barium enema reduction is becoming increasingly common and safer for pediatric intussusception. However, little is known about trends of pediatric intussusception requiring surgical intervention in the United States. Methods: National Inpatient Sample database was analyzed from 2005-2014 to identify pediatric (≤18 years) intussusceptions along with procedures such as enema and/or surgical intervention. Trends in the rates of surgical intervention were examined according to encounter-level (age, gender, race, comorbidities) and hospital-level (hospital census region, teaching status) characteristics. Outcomes of pediatric intussusception requiring surgical intervention were analyzed in terms of length of stay and cost of hospitalization. Factors associated with surgical intervention were also analyzed. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 21,835 intussusception hospitalizations requiring enema or surgical intervention, 14,415 (66%) had surgical intervention; 90% of which (12,978) had no preceding enema. Surgical intervention rates among intussusception hospitalizations varied by age (highest < 1 year), gender (male > females) and race (Hispanics > Whites and Blacks). During the study period, overall surgical intervention rate remained stable (2.2 to 1.7, P=0.07) although it declined in those under 1 year of age. Children with severe disease, gastrointestinal comorbidities over the age of 4 years had increased odds of surgical intervention, whereas hospitalization in large and urban teaching hospitals had decreased odds of surgical intervention. Length of stay and hospital cost remained stable from 2005-2014. Conclusion: The rates of surgical intervention and resource utilization for pediatric intussusception remained stable from 2005-2014, however they declined significantly in infants. The proportion of intussusception hospitalization requiring surgery remains high and further studies are needed to explore the possible factors.