Conventionally concrete is a mix of cement, sand and aggregate. There is a large variation in the strength of concrete due to variation in the strength of aggregates used. There is scarcity of natural sand due to heavy demand in growing construction activities which forces to find the suitable substitute. The cheapest and the easiest way of getting substitute for natural sand is by crushing natural stone to get artificial sand of desired size and grade which would be free from all impurities. This paper presents the feasibility of the usage of artificial sand obtained by crushing basalt over natural sand considering technical, environmental and commercial factors. For the purpose of experimentation concrete mixes are designed for M20, M30 and M40 grades by 100% replacement of natural sand to artificial sand. Compressive and flexural tests are conducted to study the strength of concrete using artificial sand and the results are compared with that of natural sand concrete.
The work was carried out on the village roads where the traffic intensity is very low. The roads should be constructed as durable and with minimum construction cost without affecting the strength. Therefore the experiments were carried out on different types of roads. The experiments can be performed in the laboratory but that is not sufficient and therefore the tests should also be performed on the actual constructed pavement patches. The non destructive test is the best way to check the parameters responsible for the effectiveness of pavement. The non destructive testing machines like ground penetrating radar (GPR) and falling weight deflectometer is used to assess different parameters of pavements. The subgrade moduli is also compared with the help of these machines. The falling weight deflectometer (FWD) was carried out on the plastic cell filled concrete block pavement (PCCBP), Geocell filled concrete concrete block pavement (GCCBP) and grouted macadam (GM). The deflection, modulus of elasticity, strain, thickness calculation, area, RRS were calculated through this test by the back calculation. From this observation it is found that the geocell filled concrete block pavement performed well as compared to the other pavements in terms of the calculated parameter. The deflection was more in the grouted macadam when compared with the PCCBP and GCCBP.
<p>In India, conventional concrete is produced by using natural sand from river bed as fine aggregate. Dwindling sand resources poses the environmental problem and hence government restrictions on sand quarrying resulted in scarcity and significant increase in ist cost. This paper presents the performance study of artificial sand as fine aggregate for concrete by comparing ist basic mechanical properties with that of conventional concrete. Three matrices with compressive strength 20, 30 and 40 Mpa were designed and reinforced with crimpled steel fibers at dosage rate of volume fraction 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 percent. Sufficient numbers of specimens were prepared, cured and tested for compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength at 7 and 28 days curing. The experimental results encourage the full replacement of natural sand by artificial sand. The promotional use of artificial sand will conserve the natural resources for the sustainable development of the concrete in construction industry.</p>
Article HistoryIn the concrete structure the defects like excessive honeycombing, crack in the structure, etc are the concerns to be noticed. Actually in most of the cases the defects are unable to find out but the soundings of the hammer is used to detect the locations of the delaminations. The evaluation of the concrete surface with the extensive surface cracking can be evaluated with the help of NDT test such as impulse response. The causes of the cracking can also be studied so that it can be avoided. The present study deals with the experimental investigations carried out by the different researchers.Contribution/ Originality: This study contributes in the existing literature as the present review work is essential in India to do such kind of non destruction testing. This type of testing is essential in many structures so that the structure shall remain safe.
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