Refrigerating machines are used in many areas to produce artificial cold. In the course of its operation, each refrigeration unit generates a lot of heat by compressing the refrigerant, which is not used in any way in the future, and during condensation is released into the environment in the form of water vapor. The use of chlorine-containing refrigerants destroys the ozone layer. To reduce environmental damage, a water reuse system was created and a technology for using low-temperature heat that is released during the operation of the refrigeration machine was developed. This paper offers various design solutions aimed at the comprehensive modernization of the cooling system of the ice palace "Puck" in Sochi to reduce its impact on the environment. In the course of the research, a refrigeration unit was developed allowing utilization, accumulation, and channeling of condensation heat for the secondary use of thermal energy by other engineering systems at the facility, thereby reducing emissions of harmful substances into the Earth's atmosphere and increasing the technological capabilities of cooling. Methods that allow making the necessary calculations and selecting equipment for the implementation of the developed systems on ice arenas are also proposed.
Objective. The article proposes design solutions aimed at the comprehensive modernization of the cold supply system of the ice palace "Puck" in Sochi, to reduce its impact on the environment.Method. A water reuse system has been created and a technology has been developed for using low-temperature heat that is released during the operation of the refrigeration machine.Result. A refrigeration plant has been developed that allows you to utilize, accumulate and direct the heat of condensation for the secondary use of thermal energy by other engineering systems at the facility, thereby reducing heat and greenhouse gas emissions into the Earth's atmosphere and increasing the technological capabilities of cooling.Conclusion. The proposed methods make it possible to make the necessary calculations and select equipment for the implementation of the developed systems in ice arenas.
The article gives the review of production and consumption of air-cured and dried fish in Russia. While storaging there may be prominent mass losses because of shrinking caused by different factors. To reduce air-cured and dried fish shrinking there may be used different methods of creating and supporting the temperature and humidity conditions, different kinds of packaging, solutions for fish surface treatment. Refrigerated counters, used for fish storage and sales, have some drawbacks. The major drawbacks of the traditional methods of fish storage are changes of relative humidity in a holding room, of fish humidity, and of temperature, which leads to shortening of storage time and to fish shrinking. The use of different adsorbents allows to reach the necessary air humidity in refrigerated counters, and a fat substitute allows to reduce food shrinking. The investigation shows that the use of monoglyceride helps to increase fish storage period, but at the same time the taste of sea- or river-fish changes. Carbon dioxide considerably slows different microorganisms development, and consequently, increases a storage period. The use of carbon dioxide does not substantially influence the taste of fish. Though carbon dioxide increases the humidity in a holding room, its chemical properties sustain considerable lessening of oxygen concentration in a holding room, thus slowing the process of outer and inner changes in fish tissues, which results in a longer storage period. In the course of investigation the advantages and disadvantages of each method have been developed and their efficiency has been estimated.
In the modern world, the issue of reducing carbon dioxide emissions has become relevant, this is confirmed by the conditions of climate change, macroeconomic instability and depletion of resources. The article discusses methods for solving this problem: The first method is associated with its transformation in the form of solid minerals and industrial use in the form of carbonates. The second way to reduce CO2 emissions is to create a power plant with a capacity of 20 MW, but this method increases the cost of electricity. The third method is based on the principle of air filtration. The essence of this method is to generate heat energy and collect carbon dioxide from the air. In addition to such processing methods, a number of others are being implemented by industry. So far, two main approaches have been used, where CO2 is reduced in gaseous form, or reduced in a liquid medium. From all of the above, the following conclusions can be drawn that the utilization of carbon dioxide is a complex project, both financially and technically, but technical progress does not stand still, but develops in full swing, there are solutions that are partially implemented and only await mass production.
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