On November 1, 1755, the city of Lisbon was completely devastated by the combined effect of a tremendous earthquake, tsunami waves, and fire. The 1755 Lisbon earthquake was the most destructive cataclysm recorded in western Europe since the Roman Republic, with an estimated earthquake magnitude Mw ∼8.5 [Martins and Mendes Victor, 1990] and estimated tsunami magnitude of Mt= Mw= 8.5. The earthquake was felt as far away as Great Britain and Finland. The tsunami hit many coastal cities along southwest Iberia and North Africa, causing heavy destruction in Tanger and Casablanca.
We describe the optical diagnostics used to measure magnetic fields up to 11 MGauss (1 100 T) produced by Russian MC1 magnetic flux compression generators propelled by American high explosives in a joint experiment. The fields were measured by Faraday rotation in glass samples placed between thin polarizers. Light was introduced and collected in multi-mode fiber optics, allowing the laser light source and the recording instrumentation to be housed in a bunker about 20 m from the explosion. Great care was taken to keep the volume of the diagnostics small so that they would survive the generator implosions long enough to complete the measurements.
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