Those players younger than 14 years incurred more injuries in training and sustained more growth-related overuse disorders. Older players were more often injured during matches. Injury incidence and the frequency of overuse disorders were highest early in the season.
We report isokinetic results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon or hamstring graft from the literature analysis. The literature was defined from two search "textwords": Isokinetic and Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and from three databases: Medline, Pascal, and Herasmus. Two independent physicians (Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation) carried out an analysis according to the French National Accreditation and Health Evaluation Agency recommendations. Fifty-three studies were selected: 29 reported isokinetic results after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon graft, 15 reported isokinetic results after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring graft, and 9 studies compared the two surgical procedures. After discussing different bias and in reference to prospective randomised and comparative studies, the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon graft involves a knee extensors deficit during several months. The hamstring surgical procedure involves a less important knee extensor deficit (from 6 to 19 % against 8 to 21 %). Knee sprain and intra-articular surgery involve a long-lasting knee extensors deficit. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstrings graft involves a knee flexors deficit over several months. The patellar tendon surgical procedure involves a less important knee flexors deficit (from 1 to 15 % against 5 to 17 %). In reference to isokinetic parameters, no difference between the two surgical procedures (patellar tendon graft or hamstring graft) is shown after more than twenty-four post-surgical months.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of gender on the possible contribution of tlim at Va max (minimal speed that elicits VO2max) in performance speeds. The male and female elite middle-distance runners had similar performance (IAAF scores). Fourteen female and fifteen male (25.2 +/- 3.6 and 25.1 +/- 4.2 yr old; VO2max = 63.2 +/- 4.2 and 77.7 +/- 6.4 ml.kg-1 min-1; Va max = 17.3 +/- 0.7 and 20.8 +/- 1.1 km.h-1, respectively) performed three exercise tests on a treadmill (3 degrees slope) within a 2-wk period: an incremental test to determine VO2max, Va max and the velocity at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (VOBLA); an exhaustive constant velocity test to determine tlim at Va max; and an exhaustive constant velocity test at 110% Va max to determine the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD). There were no effects of gender, i.e., no significant differences were observed between female and male for tlim at Va max (421 +/- 129 vs 367 +/- 118 s respectively; P = 0.24), VOBLA as % Va max (88.4 +/- 2.7 vs 90.4 3% of Va max; P = 0.07), AOD (40.1 +/- 14.9 vs 48.9 +/- 21.3 ml.O2.kg-1; P = 0.22), running economy at the same absolute speed, i.e., 14 km.h-1 (53.4 +/- 2.6 vs 52.7 +/- 4.1 ml.O2.min-1.kg-1; P = 0.64) nor for gross oxygen cost of running (CR) at the same relative velocity (75% Va max) (0.214 +/- 0.001 vs 0.214 +/- 0.002 ml.O2.kg-1.m-1; P = 0.94). However, an effect of gender was found on the relationship between the bioenergetic parameters and performance. For male, v1500 was predicted by Va max, VOBLA, tlim at 110% of Va max, and CR (R2 = 0.96). For female, no bioenergetic parameters were strongly correlated with v1500 m. The inverse relationship found between Va max and tlim at Va max in previous literature was confirmed by the 29 runners in this study and for the subset of male only.
The authors investigated lactic anaerobic metabolism in handball players during practice games. Seven players aged 18-21, belonging to second division league clubs, took part in the study. In the laboratory, VO2 max and the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) were determined with progressive maximal ergocycle tests. On the field, video recordings, cardiotelemetry, and rectal temperature measurements made during the first half of the game were used to quantify exertion. An intravenous catheter worn permanently was used to draw blood for lactate measurements at the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, and 30th min of play and after a 10-min rest period. The results confirmed earlier observations showing the need for an excellent maximal aerobic power and capacity in handballers. However, the maximal lactate levels observed (4-9 mmol X l-1) were above those that could be expected from samples drawn only at the end of play. These findings indicate that players must be trained to tolerate high lactate levels to preserve their maximal efficiency throughout the game. Finally, lactate production increased with player exertion and with increasing OBLA.
BackgroundReturn-to-play (RTP) criteria after a sport injury represent a key point in order to decrease the risk of subsequent re-injury.ObjectiveTo analyze how clinicians decide, in their daily practice, when a hamstring injured professional soccer player is fully able to get back to competitive activities.MethodsThirty-seven doctors for French and Belgian professional soccer clubs filled in a questionnaire formulated with multiple choice questions.ResultsNearly 80% of the questioned doctors declared to use at least 7 criteria in order to assess player's ability to return to competitive soccer after a hamstring injury. The most important ones are: complete pain relief, normalized muscle strength assessment, subjective feeling reported by the player, normalized flexibility and achievement of a specific soccer test. For some of these criteria, most notably muscle strength assessment, there is a lack of consensus about the choice of assessment parameters and the limit value allowing doctors to authorize or forbid RTP. Our study also highlighted the interest for clinicians to consider the opinion of physical therapists and physical trainers.ConclusionAfter a hamstring injury, clinicians for professional soccer clubs assess player's ability to return to full sport according to a “criteria-approach” instead of a “timed-based” approach. However, even if the scientific evidence about this topic is not sufficient at the moment, the implementation, in daily practice, of scientifically demonstrated assessment parameters and limit values should help the RTP decision and decrease the risk of re-injury.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.