ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on measurement of muscle strength in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and other pathologies and to suggest guidelines to standardise protocols for future research in the field.MethodsThe Cochrane and PubMed libraries were searched for any publications using the terms ‘hip’, ‘muscle’, ‘strength’, and ‘measurement’ in the ‘Title, Abstract, Keywords’ field. A further search was performed using the terms ‘femoroacetabular’ or ‘impingement’. The search was limited to recent literature only.ResultsA total of 29 articles were reviewed to obtain information on a number of variables. These comprised the type of device used for measurement, rater standardisation, the type of movements tested, body positioning and comparative studies of muscle strength in FAI versus normal controls. The studies found that hip muscle strength is lower in patients with FAI; this is also true for the asymptomatic hip in patients with FAI.ConclusionsCurrent literature on this subject is limited and examines multiple variables. Our recommendations for achieving reproducible results include stabilising the patient, measuring isometric movements and maximising standardisation by using a single tester and familiarising the participants with the protocol. Further work must be done to demonstrate the reliability of any new testing method.Cite this article: E. Mayne, A. Memarzadeh, P. Raut, A. Arora, V. Khanduja. Measuring hip muscle strength in patients with femoroacetabular impingement and other hip pathologies: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:66–72. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.61.BJR-2016-0081.
ABSTR ACT: Assessment of clinical success by radiographic evidence of fracture union and surgeon-rated performance following recovery are the outcome tools of the past. Patients are now involved in the assessment of both surgeon performance and the capacity of the institutions in which they are treated to provide rehabilitation following injury. This population is increasingly involved in trials to guide most appropriate and cost-effective care. With healthcare resources globally under pressure, research focus on patient-rated outcome per unit expenditure is central to orthopedic evidence-based practice. In this era of patient-focused assessment and healthcare economics, quality of life and alterations in this status are central as outcome measures. In order to quantify the return of quality of life following injury, we present a review of the literature pertaining to this fundamental aspect of orthopedic trauma patient care.
Summary
The clinical features of four cases of ‘spontaneous’ rupture of the oesophagus are described together with the radiological changes.
It is emphasized that the diagnosis often may be made from simple penetrated views of the heart shadow with the patient in the erect position.
Entrapment of peripheral nerves can occur as they travel through restrictive spaces. This nerve compression can result in a constellation of signs and symptoms, which are often called syndromes. Patients initially report pain, paraesthesia and numbness, followed by weakness and clumsiness and, ultimately, muscle wasting. The specific region of paraesthesia and pain and the specific muscle weakness is determined by the peripheral nerve involved and the location of the entrapment. Diagnosis is mainly based on history and examination. Further investigations are available for atypical presentations. Each syndrome has its own set of risk factors, but repetitive action and muscle overuse are commonly associated with most syndromes. The treatment is activity modification followed by steroid injection and finally surgical decompression for ongoing persistent symptoms or severe initial presentation. This article outlines the history, examination, possible investigations and management for common peripheral nerve entrapments of the median, ulnar and radial nerves.
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