<p>The purpose of this research work was to formulate and evaluate the sustained release tablets of <em>Nateglinide</em> 500mg, an antidiabetic drug. <em>Nateglinide </em>is an oral hypoglycemic agent. The tablets are prepared by direct compression method. The formulations were optimized by incorporating varying composition of Xanthan gum and guar gum as polymers, lactose as flow aid and magnesium stearate as lubricant. All the excipients are tested for compatibility with drug, which revealed that there was no physical and chemical interaction occurred. The Preformulation parameters such as bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio were analyzed. The friability, drug content, loss on drying, bulk density and percentage yield was evaluated for tablets. The effect of these variables on drug release also studied. The In-Vitro drug release studied were Performed in the USP dissolution apparatus-II using pH 0.1N HCl as dissolution media at 75 rpm speed and temperature of 37<sup>o</sup>c ± 5<sup>o</sup>c. The sampling was done at periodic time intervals of 1,4,8,12,16,20 and 24 hours and was replaced by equal volume of dissolution media after each withdrawal. The cumulative amount of drug release at different intervals is estimated using UV method. Based on the evaluation result the formulations F-7 was selected as best formulation. The tablets were found to follow first order kinetics and Higguchi mechanism of drug release, ‘n’ value is less than 0.5 which confirms that the drug release through the matrix was fickian diffusion. </p>
Rising awareness of the risks regarding chemical formulations and the surging need for eco-friendly inputs in sustainable agriculture have driven the use of bacterial biocontrol agents to the frontline of plant protection. Bacterial biocontrol agents (BBCAs) have been preferred as feasible alternatives to synthetic formulations due to their increased specificity and safety. Nanotechnology has facilitated the better addressing of product development and performance concerns related to BBCAs. Leveraging nanotechnology in the synthesis of novel nanomaterials with amended properties at the nanoscale has offered efficient and ecologically sound nanoformulations such as nanobiopesticides. The nanobiopesticides of bacterial origin, known as bacteria premised nanobiopesticides (B-NBPs), are efficient alternatives to agrochemicals. The B-NBPs include living or nonliving bacterial nanoformulations or nanoparticles synthesized using bacteria (BNPs) as the nanofactories. The B-NBPs were synthesized using high-pressure homogenization (HPH), jet milling, and hammer milling, giving rise to competent bacterial nanoformulations of size ranging from 250 to 500 nm. Following an overview of bacteria-based nanobiopesticides (B-NBPs) employed to prevent/treat plant diseases, the article highlights the role of BBCA's role in plant protection as well as its antagonistic mechanisms. Further, the concept of B-NBPs, concentrating on Bacillus thuringensis-driven forms, is reviewed. The review then briefly explains the significance of BNPs in plant infection management. Finally, the concerns related to the efficacy of B-NBPs along with the prospects are also described.
The biological method provides a simple and efficient route for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The present study was aimed to synthesize AgNPs using Viciafaba seed extract as a reducing agent, which is a cost-effective, safe and eco-friendly method. The advantage of selecting this plant is that the phenolic and flavonoid compounds present in these seeds exhibit reducing property. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fe-SeM and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Fe-SeM images showed that the particles were in the range of 12-22nm and flower structured. The formation and stability of AgNPs were confirmed by UV–vis spectrophotometer analysis, which showed higher absorbance at 430nm. XRD studies revealed a high degree of the crystalline structure of nanoparticles and a face-centered cubic structure. The anti-bacterial potency was tested against Escherichiacoli and Clostridium perfringens. These silver nanoparticles synthesized byV.faba seed extract exhibited the highest antibacterial effect against E.coli than C. perfringens.
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