This study aims at bringing to light the preservative potential of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Mentha piperita in the stabilisation of lipids against oxidation. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and chemical composition were analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In vitro antioxidant potentials of the essential oils were tested by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) methods. The effects of essential oils on palm olein during accelerated storage for 20 days were carried out using the Shaal Oven test and indices of oxidation were measured. Essential oil of T. vulgaris was the most active oil with respect to the DPPH and H 2 O 2 tests. T. vulgaris and C. zeylanicum showed varying degree of inhibition to palm olein oxidation within 20 days of storage at 60°C. Essential oils of T. vulgaris and C. zeylanicum at a concentration of 300 ppm showed comparable results to that of tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) applied at the recommended dose of 200 ppm. Palm olein samples treated with the essential oils did not show rancid characteristics at the end of storage. These essential oils significantly stabilised palm olein during accelerated storage conditions and may be exploited for use as preservatives in food products.
This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum B. and Mentha piperita L. on some saprophytic fungi. Essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation, and chemical composition was analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). T. vulgaris had as major components, Thymol (35.12%), pcymene (25.36%) and γ-terpinene (12.48%). E-B-Caryophyllane (21.82%), E-Cinnamaldehyde (13.03%) and eugenol (12.15%) were primary in C. zeylanicum. Menthol (33.59%), menthone (18.47%) and α-pinene (8.21%) were primary in M. piperita. Applying the micro-atmospheric method, essential oils were tested against Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prins, Rhizopus stolonifer Ehrenb, Aspergillus tamarii Taka, Aspergillus parasiticus Speare, Aspergillus flavus Link and Talaromyces purpureogenus purpureogenum. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were 3 to 8, 5 to 16 and 13 to 23 μL/75mL air space for T. vulgaris, C. zeylanicum and M. piperita, respectively. Means of percentage inhibition were compared through one-way ANOVA by the Tukey test. Scanning electron microscopy revealed fungal cell wall deformation after exposure to essential oil vapour. These essential oils can be exploited as alternatives to synthetic food preservatives.
The present paper investigated the In-vitro anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extracts of Mollugo nudicaulis Lam, Syzygium cumini Linn and Hibiscus vitifolius Linn to determine the possible effects by using Pheretima Posthuma (Indian adult earthworm). Two concentrations of each extracts (50,100mg/ml) were used in this activity and the same concentration of Albendazole as a standard drug and distilled water with 1%w/v carboxyl methyl cellulose as control. Determination of paralysis time (vermifuge) and death time (vermicidal) of the worms were noted. It was found that the ethanolic extracts of three plants exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 100mg/ml of MNE (highest activity) followed by SCE and HVE (least activity).The above traditional plants confirms the presence of ethanobotanical uses. The plants may be further explored for isolation of active constituents to bring a new active lead for suitable anthelmintic activity.
Watermarking is an effective technology that solves many problems within a digitization project. A high capacity data entrenching scheme based on precise and fast framework for the computation of Zernike moments (ZMs) is proposed in this paper. The high capacity is achieved by maximizing data entrenching size and improving the hiding ratio after dipping the inaccuracies in the computation of ZMs. Furthermore, a concept of conditional quantization technique which enables to reduce the total number of ZMs needed to be modified during watermark embedding. Conditional quantization technique concept enhances the visual imperceptibility of the watermarked image and its robustness against various at tacks.
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