We report the fabrication and the characterization of the refractometric and thermo-optical properties of a quasi-one-dimensional waveguide photonic crystal-a strong, 76-m-long Bragg grating. The transmission spectra (around 660 nm) of the structure have been measured as a function of both the cladding refractive index and the temperature. The transmission stopband was found to shift by 0.8-nm wavelength for either a cladding refractive index change of 0.05 or a temperature change of 120 K. The steep stopband edges provide a sensitive detection method for this band shift, by monitoring the transmitted output power.
Photonic crystal tapers have been designed for coupling of light from ridge waveguides into low group velocity photonic crystal channel guides. The coupling efficiency is increased from 3 % (case of butt-coupling) to 97 % for frequencies in the band-edge region, corresponding to a group index close to 100, as predicted using 2D finite-difference time-domain simulations.
Compact photonic crystal (PhC) filters will play a vital role in wavelength division multiplexing applications and they could be the stepping stones towards the realisation of dense and multifunctional photonic integrated circuits. Bragg grating concepts are applied to PhC filters to control their response by introducing suitable phase shifts and choosing appropriate locations and magnitudes. Moreover, the variation of the PhC hole size at the input and output regions could offer an extra degree of freedom in tailoring the filter characteristics. The ability to engineer and control the filter response of photonic crystal filters is investigated in this paper.
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