BackgroundWheezing is a highly frequent symptom in infants and children. Its major causes are respiratory infections and bronchial asthma. In this context, allergen sensitization plays an important role, and it can be detected by a skin prick test, a safe and effective technique that can be easily performed on any age-group. To assess the prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization in a pediatric population with recurrent episodes of wheezing.Materials and MethodsCross-sectional study that evaluated 100 patients, 50 (50%) girls and 50 (50%) boys, from 6 months to 10 years. These children had consulted frequently at the Allergy and Immunology Division of the Eva Perón School Hospital due to recurrent episodes of wheezing. Skin prick test were performed on all of them and also on 20 healthy children.ResultsOverall, 58% of the patients presented sensitization to dust mite, 13% to pollen, 9% to epithelium, 8% to fungi, 6% to cockroach, and 1% to soybean hull. Overall, 60% of the patients were positive to at least one of the extracts, and we observed a significant and gradual increase in the frequency of sensitization in older age-groups (P < 0.005). This increase persisted when analyzing separately the dust mite group and the pollen group. None of the cases presented any adverse local or systemic reaction during the procedure or the following 24 hours after the procedure. The 20 individuals in the control group turned out negative when tested.ConclusionsThis study found high aeroallergen sensitization prevalence in a pediatric population with recurrent episodes of wheezing examined in the Allergy and Immunology Division of the Eva Perón School Hospital, which is in the southern area of the province of Santa Fe in Argentina.
Background: Biofilms (BF) impacts on many aspects of our lives. The pathogenesis of diverse infections is related to the presence of originating microorganisms, including Candida yeast, which could play a role in the immunoapathogenesis, persistence and lack of response to treatment.The purpose of this work was to investigate the in vitro capacity for developing BF via Candida albicans (Ca), Candida troplicalis (Ct) and Candida glabrata sl (Cg) strains, obtained from genitourinary infections.Methods & Materials: 12 strains were studied from each species through the 96 well microtiter plate method on a flat background.They were planted and incubated on agar Sabouraud for 24hs at 37 • C. Afterwards, the inoculum were prepared and adjusted to a final concentration corresponding to a 0.5 Mc Farland scale. 100 ml of inoculum were placed in each well and 100 ml of Sabouraud broth was added at double concentration, on an overnight culture at 37 • C, recovering nutrients after 24hs. 12 wells were left apart as a target reaction. After that, the broth was removed, cleansing each well 3 times with PBS.Then they were fixed by methanol and proceeded to the coloring with safranin.After 15 minutes we cleaned 3 times to remove any coloring residue and the colored BP were eluted with acetic acid.These determinations were performed 3 times per strain, nonsimultaneous. 450 nm readings were performed, and the absence of BF was considered to the average absorbance white readings, acoording to Stepanovic.Results: Of the 12 Ca strains, 2 didn't develop any BF, 7 had a weak production and 3 on a moderate amount. For the 12 Cg, 1 didn't develop any BF, 2 had a moderate production and 9 had a strong BF. All Ct strains formed BF, 3 were moderate and 9 strong. Conclusion:We conclude from the results, that the use of this simple technique will allow us to evaluate the in vitro resistance to antifungal probiotics, prebiotics, natural compounds and chemicals on Candida strains, considering the BF formation as a pathogenesis factor related to failed treatment
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