The Koryaksky-Avachinsky volcanogenic basin, which has an area of 2530 km 2 , is located 25 km from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky City and includes five Quaternary volcanoes (two of which, Avachinsky (2750 masl) and Koryaksky (3456 masl), are active), and is located within a depression that has formed atop Cretaceous basement rocks. Magma injection zones (dikes and chamber-like shapes) are defined by plane-oriented clusters of local earthquakes that occur during volcanic activity (mostly in 2008-2011) below Koryaksky and Avachinsky volcanoes at depths ranging from −4.0 to −2.0 km and +1.0 to +2.0 km, respectively. Water isotopic ( D, 18 O) data indicate that these volcanoes act as recharge areas for their adjacent thermal mineral springs (Koryaksky Narzans, Isotovsky, and Pinachevsky) and the wells of the Bystrinsky and Elizovo aquifers. Carbon 13 b data in b\ 2 from CO 2 springs in the northern foothills of Koryaksky Volcano reflect the magmatic origin of CO 2 . Carbon 13 b data in methane CH 4 reservoirs penetrated by wells in the Neogene-Quaternary layer around Koryaksky and Avachinsky volcanoes indicate the thermobiogenic origin of methane. Thermal-hydrodynamic TOUGH2 conceptual modeling is used to determine what types of hydrogeologic boundaries and heat and mass sources are required to create the temperature, pressure, phase, and CO 2 distributions observed within the given geological conditions of the Koryaksky-Avachinsky volcanic geofluid system.

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The thermal, hydrogeological, and chemical processes affecting Kamchatka geothermal reservoirs were studied by using isotope and geochemistry data: (1) The Geysers Valley hydrothermal reservoirs; (2) The Paratunsky low temperature reservoirs; (3) The North-Koryaksky hydrothermal system; (4) The Mutnovsky high temperature geothermal reservoir; (5) The Pauzhetsky geothermal reservoir. In most cases water isotope in combination with Cl- transient data are found to be useful tool to estimate reservoirs natural and disturbed by exploitation recharge conditions, isotopes of carbon-13 (in CO2) data are pointed either active magmatic recharge took place, while SiO2 and Na-K geothermometers shows opposite time transient trends (Paratunsky, Geysers Valley) suggest that it is necessary to use more complicated geochemical systems of water/mineral equilibria.

TOUGH2/TOUGHREACT modeling used to reproduce possible hydrothermal circulation regimes during formation of oil volcanogenic reservoirs (Rogozhnikovsky oil rhyolite reservoir (West Siberia) and White Tiger oil granite reservoir (Vietnam)) and water-methane deposits in volcanogenic-sedimentary basins (Kshuksky (West Kamchatka) and Koryaksky-Avachinsky volcanogenic basin (East Kamchatka)). Mutnovsky hydrothermal system used as a referenced example.