Particle-based technologies are increasingly used in diagnostics and therapeutics. The particles employed in these applications are usually composed of polymers such as poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and functionalized with peptides or proteins. Peptide or protein conjugation to particles is frequently achieved using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide while dimethyl sulfoxide is used to retrieve surface-attached or encapsulated peptides or proteins by solubilizing the particles. We examined strategies based on the bicinchoninic acid, Coomassie Plus and 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde assays for the quantification of surface-attached or encapsulated peptides or proteins. We determined that the 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde assay was a highly sensitive and accurate substitute for radioactivity, suitable for measuring multiple particle-bound or -encapsulated peptides or proteins in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide or poly(lactide-co-glycolide) in dimethyl sulfoxide that interfere with the more commonly-used bicinchoninic acid and Coomassie Plus assays. Our strategy enables the accurate quantification of peptides or proteins loaded onto or into particles – an essential component of designing particle-based platforms for diagnostics and therapeutics.
Background and Objective: Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital chest wall anomaly, the hallmark of which is the caved-in appearance of the anterior chest. A growing body of literature exists surrounding methods of surgical correction, though considerable variability in management remains. The primary objectives of this review are to outline the current practices surrounding the care of pediatric patients with pectus excavatum and present emerging trends in the field that continue to impact the care of these patients.
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