ABSTRACT:In the present study, we screened the biological activity of extracts from the marine sponge Halichondria panicea collected in the Arabian Sea. Crude toxin was obtained by methanol, chloroform-methanol (2:1) and aqueous extraction. Subsequently, the protein concentration of each crude extract was determined. The impact of both sponge methanolic and aqueous extracts was found to increase activities of Na + -K + ATP-ase and Mg ++ ATP-ase. In the case of chloroform-methanol extract, higher concentrations increased acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activity. The methanolic and chloroform-methanol extracts exhibited hemolytic activity on chicken and human erythrocytes, whereas the aqueous extract failed to do so. Methanol and aqueous extracts produced an immunostimulating effect and all extracts revealed angiogenic activity. The aqueous extract yielded nine bands by SDS-PAGE on 12% gel.
The biosynthesis of hexamannophosphoinositides in Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607 was examined using labelled tri- and tetraacylated dimannophosphoinositides (PIM2(-3)F and PIM2(-4)F) as precursors, by in vivo and in vitro incorporation. Tetraacylated dimannoside was metabolically more active as compared to triacylated dimannoside and seems to be the precursor for the synthesis of hexamannophosphoinositides.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the antitumor activity of hydroethanolic extract of Annona muricata (HEEAM) in Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA)-induced tumor model.
Methods:Antitumor activity of HEEAM was evaluated against DLA-induced tumor mice by assessing the antitumor, hematological, and biochemical parameters.
Results:The results revealed that antitumor activity of HEEAM was observed in Swiss albino mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight given orally for 15 days. The results indicated that administration of the extracts not only increased the survival of animals and decreased the body weight with ascites tumor but also altered many hematological and biochemical parameters. Both extracts exhibited a significant (p<0.05) antitumor activity on dose-dependent manner. Among the two doses, 400 mg/kg of HEEAM dose showed potent anticancer activity.
Conclusion:The findings confirmed that the HEEAM possess potent antitumor activity, and hence, it might be used as a natural anticancer agent.
Annona muricata L. is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Traditionally this plant has been used as a medicine for multiple ailments including cancer. The present study focussed on the anticancer activities of hydroethanolic extracts of leaves of A. muricata L. on Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cell line in comparison with standard drug doxorubicin. Cytotoxicity studies have indicated that the phytoconstituents of A. muricata have the ability to selectively target cancer cells (IC50 = 185.585 µg/ml), whereas minimal or negligible cytotoxic effects were observed on normal cells. Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry data revealed the presence of 16 phytoconstituents comprising mainly alkaloids and phenolic compounds. Pharmacokinetic profiling and molecular docking studies using the phytoconstituents were performed in order to gain a better understanding of the putative mechanisms of action leading to the development of improved and affordable therapies.
The objective of the study was designed to screen the preliminary phytochemicals and to determine the antioxidant potential in the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Annona muricata. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of selected phytoconstituents (flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides and alkaloids). Activity of Enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase) in the leaf extract was observed to be 24.2, 3.08, 7.40 and 20.37U/g respectively. Nonenzymic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (22.5 mg/g), α-tocopherol (3.25 mg/g), carotenoids (2.64 mg/g), reduced glutathione (1.64 mg/g), phenols (11.8 mg/g), flavonoids (1.64 mg/g), tannins (2.84 mg/g) and carbohydrate (18.69 mg/g) were found to be rich in the hydroethanolic extract. The results obtained in the present study revealed that Annona muricata leaf extracts proves to be potential source of natural antioxidant and hence justifies its use in folkloric medicine which might be used for further investigation.
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