Abstract-Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consist of a large number of sensor nodes which are limited in battery power and communication range and are having multi-modal sensing capability. One of the most significant applications of wireless sensor network is environment monitoring. In this paper, a multi-sensor data fusion algorithm in WSN using fuzzy logic for event detection application is proposed. In the proposed method, each sensor node is equipped with diverse sensors (temperature, humidity light, and Carbon Monoxide). The use of more than one sensor provides additional information on the environmental condition. The processing and fusion of these diverse sensor signals are carried out using proposed fuzzy rule based system. All the diverse sensor signals are collected at the cluster head and fused using fuzzy rule based method. The multiple data fusion process improves the reliability and accuracy of the sensed information and thereby minimizes the false alarm rate.
SummaryWith the advancement in recent technologies, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged to become one of the key research areas. Sensor nodes in WSN are deployed randomly to sense the events that occur in an area. Clustering of sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network will result in better energy efficiency and topology management. In many scenarios, wireless sensor networks are deployed in remote areas and in hostile environments where batteries cannot be recharged or replaceable. In real world applications, heterogeneous sensor nodes with different initial energies in a WSN are more preferable to prolong stability period, network lifetime, and throughput. The main objective of this article is to design and develop a cluster‐based energy efficient routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (CEER). The proposed CEER routing protocol is based on the residual energy of all the sensor nodes in each round, distance of each sensor node from the base station, weighted election probabilities and reliability of a sensor node and the network. It is found from the results that, the proposed CEER routing protocol provides better stability, network lifetime, and throughput as compared with the existing routing protocols of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks.
Cracks are the defects formed by cyclic loading, fatigue, shrinkage, creep, and so on. In addition, they represent the deterioration of the structures over some time. Therefore, it is essential to detect and classify them according to the condition grade at the early stages to prevent the collapse of structures. Deep learning-based semantic segmentation convolutional neural network (CNN) has millions of learnable parameters. However, depending on the complexity of the CNN, it takes hours to days to train the network fully. In this study, an encoder network DenseNet and modified LinkNet with five upsampling blocks were used as a decoder network. The proposed network is referred to as the “CrackDenseLinkNet” in this work. CrackDenseLinkNet has 19.15 million trainable parameters, although the input image size is 512 × 512 and has a deeper encoder. CrackDenseLinkNet and four other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods were evaluated on three public and one private datasets. The proposed CNN, CrackDenseLinkNet, outperformed the best SOTA method, CrackSegNet, by 2.2% of F1-score on average across the four datasets. Lastly, a crack profile analysis demonstrated that the CrackDenseLinkNet has lesser variance in relative errors for the crack width, length, and area categories against the ground-truth data. The code and datasets can be downloaded at https://github.com/preethamam/CrackDenseLinkNet-DeepLearning-CrackSegmentation .
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