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How supply chain actors manage their exposure to both supply-and demand-side risks is a topic that has been insufficiently examined within the transaction cost economics (TCE) literature. TCE studies often only examine transaction risks in the context of bilateral exchanges. This study aims to contribute to a shift within the TCE literature from a focus on bilateral transactions, to examining transactions within a supply chain context. In this article, various models are constructed that examine how supply chain actors' usage of contracts to manage their exposure to supply (demand)-side transaction risks can affect their exposure to demand (supply)-side transaction risks. The models show that when supply chain actors follow the recommendations from the traditional TCE model regarding the use of contracts, it may increase rather than decrease their exposure to transaction risks. However, when supply chain actors take into account simultaneously both supply-and demand-side transactions when making their contract decisions, as is recommended in this article, a reduction in exposure to transaction risks is more likely. This study offers managers various strategies for taking a supply chain-wide approach to reduce transaction risk exposure.

In strongly competing markets, such as the automotive industry, collaboration between clients (e.g., OEM) and suppliers is changing. Ford and Chrysler are examples of companies that no longer consider suppliers as mere component producers, but as partners in the creation of innovative products. Clients outsource not only production of parts to suppliers, but also the development of parts and increasingly the development of complete (sub)systems. Collaboration in product development between client and supplier is becoming more and more important.Management of collaboration is, however, extremely complex given the number of unsuccessful collaborative efforts. Apparently, problems in managing collaboration are different from the problems managers are used to encountering. However, little is known yet about the problems in collaborative projects between clients and suppliers.In this paper, a number of problems in collaborative projects will be identified. The paper is based on case studies in three Dutch companies involved in changing client-supplier relationships. 

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es implementar un algoritmo de tipo heurístico; el cual genere, mediante un análisis matemático, una solución óptima a los problemas de localización encontrados en las diferentes empresas de distribución de alimentos perecederos que utilizan la metodología Cross Docking (CD).Estos problemas de localización tienen una constitución de un problema combinatorial, debido a las diferentes variables que se deben tener en cuenta. Por ende, se produce un contexto de problema NP y NP-hard que las máquinas de turing, o computadores, no son posibles de solucionar.Con esta tesis, se busca reducir, a partir de un algoritmo, la complejidad computacional del problema a un problema P y, de esta manera, contribuir con una solución acorde para que las empresas, cuando contemplen la localización o el reemplazo de instalaciones de Centros de Distribución (CEDIS), no vean afectadas sus finanzas y tiempos de ejecución por una mala decisión o por el cierre de uno de sus CEDIS.Se resalta que este tipo de inconvenientes suelen ser frecuentes y generan una gran problemática para las empresas por la incertidumbre producida al momento de tomar estas decisiones. Palabras claveCross docking, cadena de suministros, centros de distribución, algoritmos, eficiencia, complejidad computacional.

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