The aim of this study was to compare the wear resistance of such restorative materials as composite resin, feldspathic ceramic, leucite glass ceramic with intact enamel and to draw an analogy with some similar researches. Materials and methods: In this research 20 extracted human teeth (maxillary incisors) without fillings and carious cavities were used as samples. All samples were disinfected and stored in saline in order to prevent dehydration. Teeth roots were cut off for the measure of fixation on an organic glass plate using chemically polymerizable resin. If necessary, the teeth were also cut on their lateral sides in order to give them equal size. The samples were placed in a frame-holder, located on the lever of the machine MI-2, which determines abrasion resistance under slipping. Results: The research has revealed that the average wear resistance of natural teeth was 122,67±4.9 J/mm3 (Tab 1). The archived result overcomes dental composite resin twice more (62.8±1.21 J/mm3), feldspathic ceramic 6.5 times more (16.32±1.2 J/mm3) and leucite ceramic over the half (73.79±3.12 J/mm3) Conclusion: Thus, according to this performed research and the analysis of the relative literature sources it can be stated that dental composite resin and leucite ceramics may be proposed as the materials of choice for anterior restoration of teeth. They have shown the good wear resistance and tolerance to antagonizing natural teeth.
The statistics indicates on the tendency of morbidity rate of sarcoidosis to increase. The pathology affects young and older people notably. Sarcoidosis becomes a common chronic disease, which is often difficult to diagnose. Insufficient experience in recognition of this disease leads to misdiagnosis and ineffective treatment. All mentioned above highlights the extreme relevance of this issue. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory nature disease of unknown etiology. The hereditary predisposition is taken to be but the whole family cases are also known. An abnormal immune response is also considered among the theories of the development of the disease. The infectious factor is also regarded as the cause of the disease. The increasing activity of lymphocytes, which start to produce substances promoting the formation of the granulomas, which are considered to be the basis for the pathological process, can initiate the onset of the disease. The maximum morbidity rate of sarcoidosis is observed between the ages of 35 to 55 years. Two age periods of the peak in male population are 35-40 years and about 55 years. The rate of sarcoidosis morbidity among female population is 65%. Up to 700 new cases of sarcoidosis are registered in Ukraine annually. The clinical signs of sarcoidosis vary. This pathology is more often manifested by the bilateral lymphadenopathy of lung roots, eyes and skin lesions. The liver, spleen, lymph nodes, heart, nervous system, muscles, bones and other organs can also be affected. In dental practice sarcoidosis can be manifested on the prolabium, oral mucosa and salivary glands. Blood laboratory indices (the increased level of calcium) are changed in sarcoidosis. Chest X-ray, MRI and CT also demonstrate changes in the lungs. The test for detection of granulomas shows positive Kveim reaction (the formation of purple-red nodules due to administration of antigen). Biopsy and bronchoscopy facilitate detection of both direct and indirect signs of sarcoidosis of the lungs. A general treatment of sarcoidosis is provided by a pulmonologist, who can assess the severity of the lesion and provide appropriate treatment. The core of treatment is based on corticosteroids. In severe cases immunosuppressors, anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants are prescribed. A dentist performs oral cavity sanation, professional hygiene. Mouth rinses with Dekasan solution, sublingual Lisobakt pills are prescribed to prevent inflammatory lesions. Patients with sarcoidosis are recommended to avoid solar radiation and contact with chemical and toxic substances harmful to the liver, reduction of the consumption of foods rich in calcium. Healthy life-style is crucial in prevention of exacerbations of sarcoidosis. In the remission period regular medical check-ups and oral cavity sanation are recommended. The correct diagnosis in rare diseases requires highly qualified dental professionals, the interdisciplinary approach in the diagnosing and management of patients with this pathology.
The aim is to analyze the peculiarities of emergency care to dental practitioners at the department of postgraduate education of dentistry doctors for improving the quality of manual skills of the doctor in an outpatient department. Within the framework of the program, pilot trainings are held in Poltava and Lviv on the following topics: assistance in sudden coronary and sudden cardiac death, assistance with acute cerebrovascular accident, help with hypertensive crises, help with cardiac asthma and pulmonary edema. The training is carried out according to the methodological design and it consists of the theoretical and practical part. The training is provided by a certified teacher at the regional training and training center at M.V. Sklifosovsky Poltava Regional Clinical Hospital. The optimal number of listeners is 10-12 people. On the theoretical part the teacher represents the purpose, the plan of the lesson and in the logical sequence the material is presented. The theoretical part is equipped with a multimedia presentation. In the process, the teacher defines the basic level of knowledge and skills of listeners. In the practical part, the teacher initially determines the level of possession of clinical skills of doctors, teaches work on dummies, models real, simple and accessible to perception simulation scenarios. Doctors have to solve the tasks and practice practical skills from basic resuscitation measures. At the same time, an important place is given to work in the team. On phantoms, elements of the resuscitation brigade are worked out when providing emergency care to a patient with a terminal state (cardiac arrest) using cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation techniques (CPR). At the same time, artificial ventilation of the lungs (ventilation of the lungs) with exhalation in the mouth or the nose (mask) in the area of the head of the phantom is carried out. The modeling of the air duct is then modeled. This verifies the correctness of the laryngoscope in the oropharynx, and the introduction of the laryngeal mask. Doctors will work with Ambu's bag: the first hand fix the mask of the device in the area of the nose, the mouth of the phantom, and the other - by pressing the camera, the air is poured into the roton-nose area of the phantom with a certain frequency of pressure, followed by the use (if necessary) of an oxygen cylinder of type B. This checks the correctness of each reception. Conducting each manual reception and its effectiveness is fixed and processed by a computer program. The result is displayed on the monitor in the form of vital signs of the patient. In the case of effective doctor actions, the vital parameters of the "patient" on the monitor are normalized. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the manipulations is also carried out in balls. In the beginning, the trainer-instructor shows the order and correctness of carrying out emergency assistance measures on phantoms. In the future, monitors the implementation of manual techniques and assesses the actions of interns at each individual stage, emphasizing the correct implementation of the manual action. The sequence of the manual training on the "phantom-monitor" system gives confidence to doctors in the correctness and efficiency of manual skills. At the end of the practical cycle of training certified teachers of the department summarize the practical training with doctors-dentists. Practical training with the use of modern phantoms with computer processing of results helps to increase the competence of dental practitioners in providing emergency care and to ensure the use of the knowledge to improve the quality of medical care for patients.
The modern medical education is at the stage of fundamental transformations, that is characterized by continuity and variability, so this improvement should be guided by the requirements of the needs of the individual and society. Expansion of educational space and strategies has led to the emergence of concepts of information education and new models of professional development. Self-education in the healthcare sector is a self-organized acquisition of professional competencies by health professionals in day-to-day work related to professional and civic activities, which is the most prolonged and continuous period of human life. The main forms of informal education in dentistry include: participation in professional meetings, seminars, scientific and practical conferences, symposiums, congresses, exhibitions, simulation trainings, master classes, practical skills training courses, internships in clinics in other countries, distance learning, including electronic through professional Internet resources. Information education also includes such activities as a community of professional interests, regular reading of professional literature, travel, visits of medical institutions, writing articles on professional topics. The prospects for the development of medical education are determined by innovative approaches. An important place in the implementation of innovations is the long-term cooperation of the department of postgraduate education of dental doctors of UMSA with private dental clinics and cabinets in Poltava, which allows the introduction of new types of training, dental techniques, technologies, devices and tools. Thus, the clinic "Professor's dentistry" has the highest standards in the prevention and treatment of dental diseases, unique software. This is the first and only dental clinic in Ukraine, where a comprehensive system solution for infectious safety of patients and standards of hygiene of the MELAG company is presented. In order to encourage dental practitioners, to improve their knowledge and skills, for the 20 years in a row, the All-Ukrainian Professional Competition "The Way to the World of Excellence" is being held to demonstrate the quality of therapeutic work at the Department of Postgraduate Education of Dentistry Doctors. During the period of the event since 2000, it was attended by 153 dentists. In 2019, the feature of the XX All-Ukrainian Professional Competition of Doctors-Dentists "The Way to the World of Excellence" was holding of clinical competitions on the basis of the clinic "Professor's Stomatology". As part of the celebration of the International Day of Dentist, the Department held an All-Ukrainian Training Seminar "The Way to the World of Excellence", which had a large audience this year due to the high interest of intern doctors. The event was aimed to improve knowledge and skills in restoring of damaged teeth in adhesive technology, gain in experience. Informational education creates conditions for the development of professional self-knowledge of the future specialist: a conscious attitude towards their professional needs, motives, and abilities. Such forms of informational education as the All-Ukrainian professional competition of dental doctors "The Way to the World of Excellence" and the training workshop can reveal the presence of professional interest among interns, coordinate the lifestyles of future specialists who seek professional self-improvement and the realization of their potential.
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