The publication of the White book [l] seriously indicated, essentially for the fLrst time, the problems of radioactive waste disposal in the seas bordering the territory of Russia. It is obvious that of all disposals in the northern seas, the highest activity is concentrated in the scuttled reactor bays of nuclear submarines (APL) and a container with spent nuclear fuel from the icebreaker "Lenin."However, it must be acknowledged objectively that the quantitative information, presented in this book, on the composition and activity of the radionuclides, including also with the participation of the authors of the present paper, and later in [2], is superficial. These data cannot be used as initial conditions for solving correctly any of the practically important problems, such as, for example, assessment of the ecological danger of radioactive contamination of sea water and the radiobiological consequences of consuming marine products. The low reliability of the total activity is due to the fact that in the expert assessment the absolute generation of energy was overestimated --the calculations proceeded from the practical service life of the reactors (12.5 GW.days) instead of the actual service life for each submarine; it was unknown at that time.In the present paper, to determine more accurately the radiation characteristics of the spent fuel, we employed official information on the regimes of operation of the reactors which was presented at the Ministry of the Protection of the Environment and Natural Resources of Russia by the Main Technical Directorate of the Naval Fleet. The calculations of the characteristics were performed according to the AFPA program, whose algorithm is based on the solution of a system of linear differential equations descr~ing the accumulation of actinides and their fission products in the core in a regime with timevarying thermal power of the reactor taking account of the change in the neutron-physical constants as a function of burnup [3]. The program was compared with similar programs (codes) from other countries under the aegis of the European Atomic Energy Agency [4].For some reasons, the initial information from the naval fleet (Table 1) was so sparse that it was impossible to use this information without making assumptions.The main assumption pertains to the choice of reactor type, with which the reactors of the submarines and the OK-150 icebreaker "Lenin" can be identified, in order to unify the procedure for performing the calculations and to compare the computational results for different reactors. For this, we chose the water-cooled water-moderated power reactor of the type BBER-1000. This made it possible to use the dependences of the four-group constants on the power production --the cross sections of the neutron f'tssion and capture reactions as well as the neutron spectrum, which were obtained once with the aid of the program UNIRASOS [5] for the design regime of BBER-1000 with a burnup step of 2.5 GW-days/tonnes in the interval from 0 to 50 GW.days/tormes.We note that ...
Approaches to revising the documentation regulating the safety of decommissioning power-generating units of nuclear power plants are examined. It is proposed that the concept of planning decommissioning for operating and newly designed power-generating units of nuclear power plants at all stages of their lifecycle be introduced into the analysis. It is shown that the sections concerning the decommissioning of the powergenerating units of nuclear power plants be revised in documents validating operation and decommissioning.More than 120 nuclear and radiologically dangerous objects, including four power-generating units at nuclear power plants (the first two units of the Novovoronezh and Beloyarskaya Nuclear Power Plants), 10 uranium-graphite commercial reactors, and 14 research reactors with a stationary power level, in Rosatom enterprises have been stopped but not decommissioned. Twenty four power-generating units, five commercial reactors, and more than 10 nuclear research facilities will be stopped up to 2030 and decommissioning will begin [1].New types of serially produced power-generating units for nuclear power plants will be put into operation in accordance with the program of development of nuclear power. This presupposes the development of new regulatory documentation, including documents concerning modern ideas about planning decommissioning.Other documents were developed and accepted for confirmation before and after the appearance of the law "On the use of atomic energy." In accordance with these other documents an operating organization develops the norms and rules setting the grounds for safety of power-generating units, including for decommissioning; the regulatory agency (Rostekhnadzor) subjects them to analysis by experts in order to issue licenses and permissions. In addition, Rospotrebnadzor has come out in favor of documents on the technical aspects of regulating safety during decommissioning of power-generating units at nuclear power plants.After the documents where the regulatory requirements and recommendations for decommissioning of power-generating units are formulated were adopted, great changes occurred in the agencies concerned with the use of atomic energy and safe-
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