This study is the first one to test the diagnostic criteria for apathy in clinical practice. Results make the diagnostic criteria useful for clinical practice and research.

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Children born by cesarean section ("c-birth") are known to have different microbiota and a natural history of different disorders including allergy, asthma and overweight compared to vaginally born ("v-birth") children. C-birth is not known to increase the risk of schizophrenia (SZ), but to be associated with an earlier age at onset. To further explore possible links between c-birth and SZ, we compared clinical and biological characteristics of c-born SZ patients compared to v-born ones. Four hundred and fifty-four stable community-dwelling SZ patients (mean age = 32.4 years, 75.8 % male gender) were systematically included in the multicentre network of FondaMental Expert Center for schizophrenia. Overall, 49 patients (10.8 %) were c-born. These subjects had a mean age at schizophrenia onset of 21.9 ± 6.7 years, a mean duration of illness of 10.5 ± 8.7 years and a mean PANSS total score of 70.9 ± 18.7. None of these variables was significantly associated with c-birth. Multivariate analysis showed that c-birth remained associated with lower CRP levels (aOR = 0.07; 95 % CI 0.009-0.555, p = 0.012) and lower premorbid ability (aOR = 0.945; 95 % CI 0.898-0.994, p = 0.03). No significant association between birth by C-section and, respectively, age, age at illness onset, sex, education level, psychotic and mood symptomatology, antipsychotic treatment, tobacco consumption, birth weight and mothers suffering from schizophrenia or bipolar disorder has been found. Altogether, the present results suggest that c-birth is associated with lower premorbid intellectual functioning and lower blood CRP levels in schizophrenia. Further studies should determine the mechanisms underlying this association.

La pandémie 2019-20 liée au coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) a des conséquences dramatiques sur les populations en termes de morbi-mortalité et en terme social, le confinement général de près de la moitié de la population mondiale étant une situation inédite dans l'histoire, dont il est difficile aujourd'hui de mesurer l'impact aux niveaux individuel et collectif. Elle touche plus spécifiquement des personnes présentant différents facteurs de risque, qui sont plus fréquents chez les patients souffrant de troubles psychiatriques. Nous avons pratiqué une revue de la littérature visant à permettre d'évaluer le rapport bénéfice/risque spécifique des traitements psychotropes chez des patients souffrant de COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Sur le plan clinique, les symptômes évocateurs de la COVID-19 (fièvre, toux, dyspnée, signes digestifs) peuvent être provoqués par différents psychotropes et imposent une vigilance pour éviter faux négatifs et faux positifs. Chez les patients