1. The growth of wheat plants at two depths of planting, from seed in which embryo size and endosperm size were varied independently was studied.2. Embryo size was shown to have a negligible effect on growth, whilst endosperm size had a considerable effect; the influence of neither embryosize nor endosperm size appeared to be in any way modified by depth of planting. It is suggested that the relationship between seed size and plant size is governed by the amount of reserve material present in the seed.3. During the first 6 days of growth small embryos had a higher relative growth rate than large ones, apparently regardless, within wide limits, of the amount of reserve material in the seed. Thereafter until the exhaustion of reserves growth appeared to be related to the amount of reserve material present.
1. Growth and development in relation to yield were studied in the two maincrop varieties King Edward and Majestic in 1959 and 1960. The effects of seed size and spacing were also investigated.2. The total tuber yield, and more particularly the ware yield, of Majestic was greater in both years. This was associated with a longer period of tuber bulking in this variety, due, in 1959, to earlier tuber initiation, and in 1960, to earlier tuber initiation and greater persistence of tuber bulking. Large seed outyielded small seed, although the difference, particularly in ware yield, was relatively small. The seed size effect was associated with a difference in the length of the bulking period, in consequence of a difference in the time of tuber initiation. Total yield tended to increase with decrease in spacing distance; ware yield increased as spacing distance decreased from 24 to 18 in., but there was little difference between 12 and 18 in. spacing. In general, low seed rates performed better than might be expected.
In the potato plant there is competition for assimilates between foliage and tubers, and the balance can swing in one direction or the other depending on the treatments received. Skill in crop husbandry has found ways by which the crop can be manipulated towards higher returns. Growth analysis studies have now provided some understanding of the factors involved, better knowledge of which could lead to greater control over crop yields.
1. A factori al experiment involving four varieties (Ulster Chieftain, Arran Pilot, Craig's Royal and Ulster Torch) and three times of planting (28 March, 13 April and 2 May) was undertaken with a view to investigating the effects on growth development and yield of these factors. Only a limited amount of data was obtained in respect of Craig's Royal, because of its extreme variability in the first two times of planting. In addition, data in respect of King Edward and Majestic planted on the second date in an adjacent experiment are discussed.2. In general, yields from Ulster Torch were about twice as great as those from Ulster Chieftain, with the other varieties occupying intermediate positions. The total yield of Ulster Chieftain increased with delay in planting, while in Arran Pilot, Craig's Royal and Ulster Torch, yield was greatest at the intermediate planting date, slightly lower than this at the first, and lowest at the third. Ware yield as a proportion of the total increased with delay in planting.
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