The data here, in addition to prove the heterogeneity of hUC-MSCs, confirmed that the stronger therapeutic effects of hUC-MSC1 were attributed to its stronger anti-apoptotic effect, paracrine of trophic factors and potential RPE cell differentiation capacity. Thus, the subset hUC-MSC1, not the other subset or the ungrouped hUC-MSCs should be used for effective treatment of RD.
This study focused on the disinfection of dual electrodes with a gas diffusion cathode using total heterotrophic bacteria as indicator microorganisms. Batch tests were performed to study the effects of platinum load W(Pt) and the pore-forming agent content WNH4HCO3 in gas diffusion electrodes on the germicidal efficacy eta and H2O2 yield. The results showed that the disinfection improved with W(Pt), but its efficiency at W(Pt) of 3 per thousand was equivalent to W(Pt) of 4 per thousand. The right amount of the pore-forming agent improved disinfection. Continuous tests were performed to study residence times (RTs), pH and oxygen flow rates Qo2 on the germicidal efficacy and H2O2 yield. The results indicated that at the steady state total heterotrophic bacteria in the outlet stream were completely inactivated under our experimental conditions. Disinfection improved with increasing RT. This phenomenon was more significant when RT < 20 min. A drop in pH value resulted in the rapid rise of germicidal efficacy, while disinfection shortened with an increasing oxygen flow rate Qo2. The operating costs are high. Further research is required to fully understand all parameters and reduce operating costs.
To be best of our knowledge, this study is one of the first investigations to be performed into the potential benefits of gas diffusion electrode (GDE) system in controlling inactivation of E. coli. This study mainly focused on the dual electrodes disinfection with gas diffusion cathode, using Escherichia coli as the indicator microorganisms. The effects of Pt load W(Pt) and the pore-forming agent content W(NH(4)HCO(3)) in GDE, operating conditions such as pH value, oxygen flow rate Q(O(2)), salt content and current density on the disinfection were investigated, respectively. The experimental results showed that the disinfection improved with increasing Pt load W(Pt), but its efficiency at Pt load of 3 per thousand was equivalent to that at Pt load of 4 per thousand. Addition of the pore-forming agent in the appropriate amount improved the disinfection while drop of pH value resulted in the rapid rise of the germicidal efficacy and the disinfection shortened with increasing oxygen flow rate Q(O(2)). The system is more suitable for highly salt water. The germicidal efficacy increased with current density. However, the accelerating rate was different: it first increased with the current density, then decreased, and reached a maximum at current density of 6.7-8.3 mA/cm(2). The germicidal efficacy in the cathode compartment was about the same as in the anode compartment indicating the contribution of direct oxidation and indirect treatment of E. coli by the hydroxyl radical was similar to the oxidative indirect effect of the generated H(2)O(2). This technology is expensive in operating cost, further research is required to advance the understanding and reduce the operating cost of this technology.
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