ABSTRACT. Phytophthora capsici is a plant pathogenic oomycete that damages numerous crops worldwide. Consequently, interest in research on the genetic structure of this species has grown in recent decades. However, there is little information about P. capsici in eastern China. We investigated the genetic diversity of P. capsici isolates from three large regions of Anhui Province in eastern China based on ISSR-PCR technology. Thirteen random primers were screened and used to amplify DNA from 51 samples. We obtained 158 reproducible ISSR fragments, of which 90% were polymorphic, revealing a high degree of polymorphism among the isolates. Genetic similarity coefficients among all the isolates ranged from 0.56 to 0.94, with a mean of 0.84 based on the ISSR data, indicating a high level of genetic variation in these P. capsici isolates. Cluster analysis using UPGMA indicated that the Anhui isolates were divided into seven groups according to the DNA fingerprints, although there was no correlation between the ISSR group and geographic origin. Isolates from the same location showed no clustering based on the year of sampling. AMOVA partitioned variability among (13.6%) and within populations (86.4%). The gene flow among populations ranged from 2.804 to 4.937, with a mean of 3.545, indicating highly frequent gene exchange. Genetic distances and genetic differentiation were negatively correlated with geographic distances. These results lead us to suggest that this pathogen has considerable evolutionary potential, which will enable it to adapt to and overcome management strategies over time.
Hardwoods are diverse, and they are important components in several forest regions of Canada. Yet low demand from the pulp and paper sector, abundant natural regeneration for several species, and high costs associated with seedling production and plantation establishment have restrained industries and governments from investing intensively into basic biological and genetic research of hardwoods. Recently, new interests have emerged for the utilization and conservation of hardwood species. To devise efficient gene conservation and breeding strategies for hardwoods, knowledge is needed about their genetic structure, genecology, and mating systems. Here we review information on the organization of genetic diversity in the few Canadian hardwood species that have been studied. Results derived from analyses of quantitative characters showed extensive genetic variatlon among populations and among individuals within populations in all species. Genetic variation among populations was found to be associated with environmental factors, especially for adaptive traits. Levels of genetic diversity were also found high in allozyme genetic markers. The application of molecular genetic markers at the DNA level in monitoring genetic diversity of hardwoods is also discussed. Information available regarding genetic diversity of Canadian hardwoods is insufficient to design efficient gene conservation strategies. Several programs investigating genetic diversity of hardwoods have been initiated in Canada, and should y~eld urgently needed data.Il existe plusieurs e s e e s de feuillus et ceux-ci constituent une composante importante de plusieurs r6gions forest2res du Canada. A ce jour une faible demande de la part du secteur des pAtes et papiers, une rkgCn6ration naturelle abondante pour plusieurs e s e e s , en plus des coats importants de production de semis et de reboisement ont emgchk les industries et les gouvernements d'investir intensivement dans la biologie fondamentale et la recherche gknetique au niveau des feuillus. Rkemrnent l'utilisation et la conservation des e s M s feuillues ont fait surgir un regain d'intkret. Afin d'instituer une conservation gCn6tique efficiente et de mettre en place des stratkgies d'interfhndation pour les feuillus, il faut accrortre les wnna~ssances relatives B leurs structures gCnktiques, leur gen6cologie et leurs systkmes de fkcondation. Nous rkvisons dans cet article l'information sur l'orgamsation de la diversitk gLn6tique des quelques es@s canadiennes de feuillus que nous avons 6tudi6es. Les rksultats tires des analyses des caractkristiques quantitatives dkmontrent une trks grande variation gCn6tique entre les populations et entre les individus d'une population donn6e et ce pour toutes les e s e e s . On a d6couvert que la variation gkn6-tique entre les populations 6tait associ6e aux 616ments environnementaux, spkialement au niveau des facteurs d'adaptation. Le degr6 de diversit6 gknktique s'est rev616 &re Bevk au sein des marquers g6n6tiques allozymatiques. L'utilisation des marqueurs gkn6-ti...
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