Pulmonary carcinosarcoma is an unusual biphasic tumor of the lung with carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. We report a case in a 71-year-old female who presented with a 13-cm lung mass. Microscopic examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma and chondrosarcoma with focal spindle cell atypia. In the most recent version of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, carcinosarcoma is included in the category of sarcomatous neoplasms with a poorer prognosis than non-small cell lung carcinoma.
Amniotic band sequence (ABS) includes a wide spectrum of abnormalities resulting from entrapment of various fetal parts from a disrupted amnion, ranging from a mere constriction ring affecting a finger to a fatal form called limb body wall complex (LBWC). Reported cases of ABS with LBWC are very few. The spectrum of anomalies depends on which part gets entrapped and at what point of gestation. Hence, the clinical presentation can be extremely variable. Early detection of such cases using sonology is really challenging due to the small size of the fibrotic bands. Here, we present a case of amniotic band syndrome with LBWC in a fetus at 24 weeks of gestation, which was referred for an autopsy. The fetus also showed scoliosis, gastroschisis, lumbosacral meningocele, congenital talipes equinovarus, and cleft palate, thus having features of placenta cranial and placenta abdominal phenotype which is very rare.
Casestudy: Phaeohyphomycosis is a group of infections caused by pigmented, black, dematiaceous fungi and is responsible for cutaneous, superficial and deep mycoses, disseminated infection and brain abscesses. The primary agents involved include Alternaria spp., Exophiala spp. and Cladophialophora spp. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is particularly devastating with mortality rates as high as 70-80%. These fungi are becoming increasingly important opportunistic pathogens in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR). We report a case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a 65-year-old male with living donor kidney transplant for four years and has been maintained on immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus and prednisone. The patient presented with aphasia, frontal headache, loss of peripheral vision of right eye, and mental status change for three months due to several left- sided parieto-occipital brain abscesses. Left occipital abscess resection and parietal partial lobectomy were performed to reduce intracranial hypertension and to remove abscesses. Histopathological evaluation revealed brain abscess with pigmented fungal organisms with elongated, branched and septate. The pus aspirated during surgical excision of brain lesions grew black mold, identified as Cladophialophora bantiana. The patient’s neurological neurological condition had imporved after several weeks of combination antifungal therapy with posaconazole, liposomal amphotericin, and flucytosine. The lesions were initially suspected to be of tuberculous etiology, which was ruled out by histopathological examination. Such diagnostic dilemmas are common in the infection caused by Cladophialophora, which can cause treatment delay and death. Early diagnosis is therefore mandatory for the rapid treatment and survival of patients. As the number of SOTR increases, so does the incidence of fungal infections in that population. Surgery, along with antifungal therapy and a reduction in immunosuppression, are the cornerstones of treatment.
Background: Spindle cell lesions of breast comprise a rare group of complex entities which may be reactive, benign or malignant. Though definitive diagnosis is difficult especially in small biopsies, it is of utmost importance since the management differs. Precise knowledge of the lesions in this group, thorough sampling, clinic radiological correlation and ancillary techniques will aid in making the correct diagnosis. Review of literature showed only a few extensive studies on spindle cell lesions in breast, especially from South India.Methods: Our research is a descriptive histopathological analysis of 55 cases of spindle cell lesions of breast, done over a 2-year period from Jan 2015 to Dec 2016 in the Pathology department, of our institution.Results: A total of 55 cases were received. The reactive spindle cell proliferations were Diabetic mastopathy, Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, and sclerosing adenosis. Benign phyllodes tumour, spindle cell lipoma and neurofibroma comprised the benign category. The malignant lesions included metaplastic carcinoma, malignant phyllodes tumour and sarcoma.Conclusions: Benign lesions constituted the majority (60%) in our study. Of these, benign phyllodes tumour constituted the majority, 41.8% of the total cases. The remaining 40% were malignant spindle cell neoplasms, of which metaplastic carcinoma was the single largest group accounting for 29.1%. Since reactive and benign spindle cell lesions may show atypia, definitive diagnosis should be made only after considering atypical mitotic figures, presence of necrosis and imaging findings. A wide excision with adequate margins is necessary in incision biopsies with suspicious findings.
Struma ovarii is a variant of a germ cell tumor composed predominantly of thyroid tissue. It is most often unilateral. The incidence of malignancy arising in patients with struma ovarii is rare. Here, we present a case of struma ovarii in a female presented with abdominal distension. The patient was treated with a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, which revealed an enlarged cystically dilated ovary. Histopathologic examination showed mature thyroid follicles with abundant colloid consistent with struma ovarii and focal area with nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma. No other teratomatous elements were identified. Thyroid hormone levels were within their respective reference ranges. A diagnosis of struma ovarii should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses in peri-and postmenopausal patients.
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