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Background Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality following percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and is a patient safety objective of the National Quality Forum. However, no formal quality improvement program to prevent CI-AKI has been conducted. Therefore, we sought to determine if a six-year regional multi-center quality improvement intervention could reduce CI-AKI following PCI. Methods and Results We conducted a prospective multi-center quality improvement study to prevent CI-AKI (serum creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or ≥50% during hospitalization) among 21,067 non-emergent patients undergoing PCI at ten hospitals between 2007 and 2012. Six ‘intervention’ hospitals participated in the quality improvement intervention. Two hospitals with significantly lower baseline rates of CI-AKI, which served as “benchmark” sites and were used to develop the intervention and two hospitals not receiving the intervention were used as controls. Using time series analysis and multilevel poisson regression clustering to the hospital-level we calculated adjusted risk ratios (RR) for CI-AKI comparing the intervention period to baseline. Adjusted rates of CI-AKI were significantly reduced in hospitals receiving the intervention by 21% (RR 0.79; 95%CI: 0.67 to 0.93; p=0.005) for all patients and by 28% in patients with baseline eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (RR 0.72; 95%CI: 0.56 to 0.91; p=0.007). Benchmark hospitals had no significant changes in CI-AKI. Key qualitative system factors associated with improvement included: multidisciplinary teams, limiting contrast volume, standardized fluid orders, intravenous fluid bolus, and patient education about oral hydration. Conclusions Simple cost-effective quality improvement interventions can prevent up to one in five CI-AKI events in patients with undergoing non-emergent PCI.

A single bolus of etomidate blunts the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response for more than 24 h in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery, but this was not associated with an increase in vasopressor requirements.

We aimed to measure gastric antral cross-sectional area with ultrasound and estimate the gastric volume of 300 patients before unplanned surgery, fasted for at least six hours. Measurements were successfully recorded in 263 semi-recumbent patients. The median (IQR [range]) area was 333 (241-472 [28-1803]) mm and the mean (SD) estimated volume was 45.8 (34.0) ml. The area exceeded 410 mm in 92/263 (35%) measurements. Body mass index and morphine administration were associated with larger gastric areas on multivariable linear regression analysis, with beta coefficient (95%CI) 0.02 (0.01-0.04), p = 0.01, 0.23 (0.01-0.46), p = 0.04, respectively. Fasting time was not associated with gastric area and therefore could not substitute for ultrasound measurements in this cohort.

BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury due to contrast material occurs in 3% to 15% of the 2 million cardiac catheterizations done in the United States each year. OBJECTIVE To reduce acute kidney injury due to contrast material after cardiovascular interventional procedures. METHODS Nurse leaders in the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group, a 10-center quality improvement consortium in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, formed a nursing task force to reduce acute kidney injury due to contrast material after cardiovascular interventional procedures. Data were prospectively collected January 1, 2007, through June 30, 2012, on consecutive nonemergent patients (n = 20 147) undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. RESULTS Compared with baseline rates, adjusted rates of acute kidney injury among the 10 centers were significantly reduced by 21% and by 28% in patients with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Key qualitative system factors associated with improvement included use of multidisciplinary teams, standardized fluid orders, use of an intravenous fluid bolus, patient education about oral hydration, and limiting the volume of contrast material. CONCLUSIONS Standardization of evidence-based best practices in nursing care may reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury due to contrast material.

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