[1] Using long-term (1871-2005) summer monsoon rainfall data over 30 meteorological subdivisions of India, overall tendencies of the rainfall have been studied. Further, the subseasonal (monthly) trends have been evaluated. For this purpose, simple linear regression technique is applied. To examine the trends in different segments for summer monsoon rainfall, 11-year running averages are calculated. Most of the subdivisions reveal systematic increasing and decreasing trends in different segments of the time series. India experienced wet monsoon conditions during the late 1950s and dry monsoon conditions around the early 1900s. In the global warming era , 19 out of 30 meteorological subdivisions showed negative tendencies in summer monsoon rainfall. This decrease in summer monsoon rainfall is associated with a weakening of the Southern Oscillation and relaxation of the meridional temperature gradient over the Indian Ocean. The gamma distribution is used to study the distribution of the rainfall by calculating scale and shape parameters. In general, larger values of scale parameter are found over west coast during summer monsoon and individual months. The shape parameter is high over northeast India.

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The present study deals with simultaneous effects of Joule heating and slip on peristaltic flow of a Bingham fluid in an inclined tapered porous channel with elastic walls. The closed form solutions for the stream function, the velocity and the temperature fields are obtained. The effects of the physical parameters on the flow characteristics are presented through graphs for both slip and no-slip cases. In addition, the performance of the temperature is studied with and without Joule heating effects. Moreover, the trapping phenomenon is analysed. The size of the trapped bolus increases with increasing values of the slip parameter and decreasing values of the magnetic, the permeability and the yield stress parameters. The present results are compared with the available results in the literature and our results agree well with the available results for some special cases.

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Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) three-dimensional flow of an unsteady Williamson fluid on an enlarging surface with Hall current, radiation, heat source/sink, and chemical reaction is investigated in this article. The basic governing equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by using an appropriate similarity transformation. The system is deciphered using the shooting method. The properties of influential parameters such as parameters of magnetic field, Hall current, radiation, and so forth, on the flow are discussed with the help of graphs and tables. We noticed that the increase in the magnetic field reduces the velocity in x-direction and the rate of heat and mass transfer. We also acknowledged that the growing values of Hall current parameter boost the velocity in z-direction but it reduce the temperature and concentration distributions, respectively. The results of this study represent many applications in biomedical engineering and these results are helpful for further study of non-Newtonian fluids in various circumstances.