BackgroundVaginal microecology has a definite influence on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and clearance, but the specific correlation is still controversial. This research aimed to investigate the differences in the vaginal microenvironment of different types of HPV infection and also provide data supporting clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsAccording to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the case data of 2,358 female patients who underwent vaginal microecology and HPV-DNA tests at the same time in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from May 2021 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The population was divided into two groups: an HPV-positive group and an HPV-negative group. HPV-positive patients were further classified into HPV16/18-positive group and HPV other subtypes positive group. The vaginal microecology of HPV-infected patients was analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 2,358 female patients, the HPV infection rate was 20.27% (478/2,358), of which the HPV16/18 infection rate was 25.73% (123/478), and the HPV other subtypes infection rate was 74.27% (355/478). The difference in HPV infection rates between the age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The prevalence of mixed vaginitis was 14.37% (339/2,358), with bacterial vaginosis (BV) paired with aerobic vaginitis (AV) accounting for the majority (66.37%). The difference in HPV infection rates among mixed vaginitis was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The prevalence of single vaginitis was 24.22% (571/2,358), with the most frequent being vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC; 47.29%, 270/571), and there was a significant difference in HPV infection rates among single vaginitis (P < 0.001). Patients with BV had a higher risk of being positive for HPV16/18 (OR: 1.815, 95% CI: 1.050–3.139) and other subtypes (OR: 1.830, 95% CI: 1.254–2.669). Patients with Trichomoniasis were at higher odds of other HPV subtype infections (OR: 1.857, 95% CI: 1.004–3.437). On the contrary, patients with VVC had lower odds of becoming infected with other HPV subtypes (OR: 0.562, 95% CI: 0.380–0.831).ConclusionThere were disparities in HPV infection among different age groups; therefore, we should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of susceptible individuals. BV and Trichomoniasis are linked to HPV infection; hence, restoring the balance of vaginal microecology could assist in the prevention of HPV infection. As a protective factor for other HPV subtype infections, VVC may provide new insights into the development of immunotherapeutic therapies.
In order to reveal the aftereffect damage enhancement to armored targets, the jet formation of biconical Ti-Hf composite reactive liner shaped charge and the penetration behavior of steel target are studied by numerical simulation. The effects of cone angle, height ratio and standoff of biconical liner on jet formation and penetration performance were analyzed. The numerical simulation results show that the effective jet formed by the biconical Ti-Hf composite reactive liner shaped charge is more concentrated than that of the single-cone Ti liner shaped charge, and the maximum velocity in the head and the average velocity in the middle of the forerunning penetration jet are increased by about 23.5% and 13% compared with the single-cone Ti liner shaped charge. When the cone angle α=50° of Hf liner, with the increase of the cone angle β of the forerunning Ti liner, the velocity distribution of the composite reactive jet along the axial direction shows a gradual downward trend, and the maximum velocity of the following reactive projectile shows an upward trend; With the increase of the height ratio of the biconical composite reactive liner, the velocity distribution of the forerunning penetration jet along the axial direction gradually increases, and the maximum velocity of the following reactive projectile gradually decreases. When the cone angle α=50°, β=80° and the height ratio H 1:H 2=2:3 of the biconical composite reactive liner, the penetration depth increases with the increase of standoff, but when the standoff exceeds 3.0CD, its influence on the penetration depth is significantly weakened.
A kind of hypervelocity reactive composite liner shaped charge(HRCLSC) structure is designed by combining tungsten additional liner and reactive cooper composite liner. The formation behavior of hypervelocity reactive composite jet (HRCJ) is studied by numerical simulation method. The velocity distribution and detonation wave propagation of HRCJ are compared with that of normal reactive composite jet (NRCJ), which proves that HRCJ has better formation performance. The influence of liner structure on the formation performance of HRCJ is investigated by changing the cone angle of the composite liner and the thickness of the additional liner, the results show that the cone angle of the liner has little effect on jet head velocity while the thickness of the additional liner has great effect on jet velocity. When the thickness of the additional liner is 5mm and the cone angle of the composite liner is 60°, the effective mass utilization rate of the jet is better, and the head velocity reaches maximum.
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