Objective: To compare the effectiveness between Aerobic and Stretching exercise programs on pain and menstrual symptoms in subjects with primary dysmenorrhea. Study Design: Quasi Experimental study design. Subjects: 100 subjects were taken in the study, age group between 16 to 26 years and divided into 2 groups (50group A, 50-group B). Intervention: 50 subjects in the A group participated in aerobic exercise programme and 48 patients in the B group participated in stretching exercise programme. Outcome Measure: Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Results: Statistical analysis was done by using paired t-test for within the group comparison and student t-test used to compare between the two groups, results were not statistically significant difference in pain intensity and menstrual symptoms between two groups but group A had better clinical outcome with Moos Menstrual distress Questionnaire. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is no significant difference between aerobic versus stretching exercise programmes over pain and menstrual symptoms in subjects with primary dysmenorrhea but group A trained with aerobic exercises had better clinical outcome with Moos Menstrual distress Questionnaire especially physiological, psychological, behavioral symptoms than group B trained with stretching exercises.
Oesophageal foreign body impaction is usually seen in children as well as in adults with varying aetiologies. It is an emergency situation requiring proper evaluation and prompt treatment because of the possible complications like oesophageal perforation, mediastinitis and aspiration. Here, the report presented an interesting case of repeated foreign body impaction in the lower oesophagus of an elderly male. A 76-year-old male patient came to the Emergency Department in a Tertiary Care Center with chest pain and obstruction in the passage of food which had begun several hours prior to visit after having a chicken meal. The patient had presented with similar complaints in the past on three different occasions. The clinical examination was normal. As a part of the treatment, urgent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed by using olympus flexible video endoscope under general anaesthesia, which showed meal impaction in distal oesophagus. The impaction was removed successfully with combination of rat tooth forceps and endoscopic snare. Later on after successful retrieval during his subsequent visit in view of his repeated foreign body impaction, further evaluations including High-Resolution Manometry (HRM) were performed which revealed multiple oesophageal spasms during the passage of food, with premature peristalasis and thereby, it was diagnosed as Diffuse Oesophageal Spasm (DES). The patient was given nitrates and kept on calcium channel blockers for long term medication. DES is an uncommon cause of dysphagia, for which oesophageal manometry is the gold standard procedure. Presence of synchronous contractions in a minimum of twenty for one hundredth of wet swallows (constituting 20%), alternating with normal motility patterns is a diagnostic criteria for DES on manometry. HRM has been a significant improvement in the accuracy of describing the various motility disorders of oesophagus.
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