Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) exhibits dyslipidemia and oxidative stress which are well known traditional risk factors for vascular complications. Therefore this study was undertaken to assess the lipid profile and oxidative stress in CKD patients. The study comprised of 95 patients with evidence of CKD. These cases were further divided into 2 groups i.e. non dialysis and hemodialysis groups. There is a significant increase of serum triglycerides and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) with a decrease in serum High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C) in both non dialysis and hemodialysis groups of CKD patients when compared with control. But there is no alteration in serum total cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) in both groups. Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly raised and serum Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) was significantly lowered in CKD patients both in non dialysis and hemodialysis groups when compared with control. The same changes in respect of serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also noted in hemodialysis group when compared with non dialysis patients. In hemodialysis patients, the alteration was further aggravated after hemodialysis and these changes were found to be significant when compared with those patients before hemodialysis. All these factors are suggestive of abnormal lipid profile and enhanced lipid peroxidation with decreased antioxidant status. This study would be beneficial for patients with CKD especially those under hemodialysis for instituting antilipidemic drugs and antioxidant therapy which will improve the quality of their lives.

No abstract

No abstract

Objective: In the present study the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was investigated against gram negative (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) and gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) organisms.Methods: The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was carried out by co-precipitation method using zinc sulfate and sodium hydroxide as precursors. These nanoparticles were characterized by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation), UV-Visible spectroscopy and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) with EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis). As well as antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the nanoparticles were carried out by agar well diffusion method and broth dilution method respectively against gram negative (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) and gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) bacteria.Results: The average crystallite size of ZnO nanoparticles was found to be 35 nm by X-ray diffraction. The vibration bands at 450 and 603 cm-1 which were assigned for ZnO stretching vibration were observed in FTIR spectrum. The optical absorption band at 383 nm was obtained from UV-Visible spectrum. Spherical shape morphology was observed in SEM studies. The antibacterial assay clearly expressed that E. coli showed a maximum zone of inhibition (32±0.20 mm) followed by Proteus vulgaris (30±0.45 nm) at 50 mg/ml concentration of ZnO nanoparticles.Conclusion: Zinc oxide nanoparticles have exhibited good antibacterial activity with gram negative bacteria when compared to gram positive bacteria.

Objective: In the present study, synthesized alumina (Al2O3) Methods:The synthesis was carried out by coprecipitation method using aluminium sulfate and NaOH as precursors. The synthesized aluminium oxide nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with nanoparticles were characterized and their antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative organisms were studied.Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) techniques. Besides, this study determines the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Al2O3Results: The average crystallite size of Al nanoparticles against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) and gram-negative (E. coli and Proteus vulgaris) bacteria.2 O3 nanoparticles was found to be 35 nm by X-ray diffraction. FT-IR spectrum exhibited the peaks at 615 and 636 were assigned to the aluminium oxide stretching. The EDX measurements indicated the presence of Al along with O peaks. It indicates the purity of the sample. The antimicrobial assay revealed that E. coli showed a maximum zone of inhibition (39 mm) at 50 mg/ml concentration of Al2O3 Conclusion:In conclusion, aluminium oxide is a good antibacterial agent against both gram positive and gram-negative organisms.nanoparticles.