Helicobacter pylori are a spiral campylobacter like bacteria which infects the stomach causing chronic active gastritis. This can result in peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. In 1989, studies involving 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and others revealed that the bacterium does not come under the genus Campylobacter. Hence the bacterium was classified under a unique genus named Helicobacter. This term is taken from the Greek language with helix meaning - "spiral" or "coil" and pylori meaning- gatekeeper (pylorus of stomach). This bacterium is said to penetrate the pylori or mucoid lining of the stomach. When infected during the early stages of life, people develop intense inflammation that may be followed by atrophic gastritis which serves as a risk factor for gastric ulcer, gastric cancer or both. Being infected during later stages of life changes the gastric system leading to duodenal ulcer. The present study analyzes the role of Immunohistochemistry versus Hematoxylin and Eosin and special stains in detecting Helicobacter pylori in gastric lesions.

No abstract

Introduction: Epstein Barr virus (EBV), is a member of the genus Lymphocryptoviridae and Herpesviridae subfamily. It is pervasive and infects more than 90% of the adult population worldwide. In childhood and early adulthood primary infection occurs through salivary contact. The majority of children are asymptomatic, but some adolescents and young adults can develop infectious mononucleosis with harmless clinical manifestations. Objective: To analyze the expression of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Latent membrane protein – 1 (LMP-1) in various histological subtypes of gastric carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Out of the 43cases, 32 cases were proven to be malignant, out of which 30 cases who had adequate clinical data were included in the study. The materials were processed and sections were cut at 5 microns. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of sections was done. Histopathological examination of these sections was done. Result: The most common presenting symptom associated with Gastric carcinoma was upper abdominal pain (epigastric pain). Both the LMP-1 IHC positive cases showed a  low score when assessed using the LMP-1 immunohistochemistry scoring system (used in nasopharyngeal carcinomas). This may be due to the older age group of patients. For the effective control of viral cancer, there should be rapid, sensitive, specific, cost-effective diagnostics assays and management. Conclusion: Hence our study justifies the role of EBV in the oncogenesis of gastric carcinoma. More elaborate and extensive studies are warranted to further emphasize this theory.

Breast carcinoma is one of the most frequently occurring cancers among women with one million cases. Breast cancer is the primary cause of death in women around the world. It is one of the major concerns in public health due to its high occurrence and growing tendency.   This complex functional structure develops from a highly modified apocrine sweat gland in the female, but remains rudimentary in male. Breast develops embryological into two lines along milk lines extending from axilla to groin. CD-10 is a 90- to 110-kDa cell surface zinc dependent metalloproteinase which is known as “Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Antigen” (CALLA). CD-10 acts  as a stem cell regulator in the breast and  prevents uncontrolled proliferation on stem cells The present study is designed to study the expression of CD-10, a breast carcinoma stromal marker and its correlation with ER, PR and HER2/neu status in breast carcinoma.

No abstract