Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) refers to an amalgam of inflammatory and degenerative conditions which affects muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, peripheral nerves, and supporting blood vessels presenting with ache, pain, numbness or discomfort. 1-2 According to European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, workrelated musculoskeletal disorders are impairments of bodily structures such as muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments, nerves, bones and localized blood circulation system, that are caused or aggravated primarily by work and by the effects of the immediate environment in which work is performed. 3 Musculoskeletal disorders affect all persons irrespective of age and sex, and are mostly ABSTRACT Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common health problems encountered in the workplace around the globe leading to disabling conditions there by reducing human performance and subsequently quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MSDs and associated disabilities and also to identify the risk factors responsible for their occurrence among bank workers in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Annual prevalence of MSD was determined through a cross sectional survey from a sample of 300 bank workers. A pre-validated questionnaire adopted from modified Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and 12 Item General Health Questionnaire was used to obtain information about participant's demographic characteristics, job characteristics, psychosocial stress, musculoskeletal impairments and the resulting disability in different body regions. Data was obtained from the participant's at their respective working places in Kancheepuram for a period of 1 month. Results: Annual prevalence of 33.8% was observed for the MSD, with a disability rate of 8.5%.The body region mostly affected was the lower back (51.8%) followed by the neck (48.2%), shoulder (40.2%) and upper back (39.6%). In terms of disability, the same pattern was noted with rates for the lower back, neck, shoulder and upper back being 18.9%, 13.4%, 11.6% and 9.1% respectively. The risk factors identified as being responsible for MSD were job tenure, psychosocial stress, and female sex while those responsible for the disabilities were job tenure and psychosocial stress. Conclusion: Low prevalence of MSDs and associated disabilities was observed.

Back ground:- Handwriting is an essential tool required by students. It is a complex process which involves close coordination between musculoskeletal and nervous system.Objective:-To assess the effects of upper limb strengthening exercises on handwriting speed in undergraduate students Study design: - Experimental Design. Subjects: - Applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30subjects were Randomly selected and Group A (15 subjects) who underwent Strengthening exercises for upperlimb and GroupB (15 subjects) who underwent Writing Practice. Results: -Statistical analysis was done by using Paired‘t’ test in which Group A(p less than .01) showed significant improvement in handwriting speed when compared with Group B. Conclusion: -Upper limb strengthening exercise programmes can be used to improve the hand writing speed.

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To report a clinical case of Cadaveric renal transplant recipient 30 year old male reported to SRM Physiotherapy Department presented with complaints of difficulty in breathing, sitting, standing and independently walking. As clinical manifestations of post transplantation are wide, it leads to multidisciplinary approaches. Physiotherapy treatment protocol is important for early diagnosis of co morbidity and to provide initiation to renal rehabilitation program.