Cheating behavior has been a serious problem in dental institutions across the globe. Attitudes of dental students have an impact on the quality of health care provided to their patients. This descriptive cross-sectional study had the following objectives: to assess and compare the attitudes of dental students and teachers about cheating behaviors, to assess students' opinions of various justiications for their cheating, and to assess teachers' attitudes towards various punishment options for cheating behaviors. The study sample consisted of 1,261 undergraduate students and 131 teachers from six randomly chosen dental colleges in Tamil Nadu State, India. A closed-ended questionnaire was used for respondents to rate the seriousness of cheating behaviors. The students were asked to justify their cheating behavior, and the teachers were asked to assign punishments for the cheating behaviors. The attitudes of students and teachers on the cheating behaviors were analyzed and compared using a Pearson chisquare test, with a conidence interval of 95 percent and signiicance level of p≤0.05. The attitudes of the teachers and students were statistically different in two cheating behaviors: copying during exams and helping other students copy in exams. The two main justifying reasons students gave for cheating behavior were to pass the exam (59.3 percent) and to obtain a better grade (31.3 percent). Warning and counseling to help the students reassess their moral values were preferred to penalizing punishments
Aim:
This study was aimed to analyze the stress generation and distribution for “polyether ether ketone (PEEK)” and metal cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) at different locations of the tooth using finite element analysis (FEA), when they are casted-off as “Richmond crowns.”
Materials and Methods:
The model of the tooth was designed using “computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing” followed by generating the “Mesh” of the tooth to analyze the stress caused by applying vertical and oblique loads of 100N and 40N, respectively, in cubical nodes for both PEEK and metal endodontic post-based Richmond crown. The “3-dimensional von Mises criteria” was used to compare stresses of both elements using FEA. The material properties for each component were designated by respective modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio. The statistical test of the stress generation in various locations of PEEK and Metal (Co-Cr) Richmond crown was done by independent
t
-test.
Results:
From the FEA analysis of Richmond crown, it is evident that maximum stress was generated by “Metal” of about 66.418 MPa when compared to “PEEK” (15.826 MPa). “PEEK Richmond crown” produced minimal stress on the tooth and the other surrounding regions than “Metal Richmond crown” with a statistically significant difference (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion:
The results proved that the “Metal Richmond crown” postsystem had a tendency to produce more stress on the tooth and the other surrounding regions than the PEEK. The FEA proved the pros of using “PEEK post Richmond crown,” which is a big boon for the modern era dentistry.
Screw-retained implant restorations have an advantage of predictable retention, retrievability, and lack of potentially retained subgingival cement. However, a few disadvantages exist such as need for precise placement of the implant for optimal and esthetic location of the screw access hole and obtaining passive fit. Malo bridge with customization of abutment can establish a precise patient's gingival architecture. It is the most esthetically advanced form of fixed prosthodontic rehabilitation for complete and partially edentulous patients. This prosthesis is combined with three-dimensional (3D)–printed computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technology to gain the precise fit and added esthetics. It also has advantages such as elimination of screw access openings, makes it possible to remove and repair the fractured porcelain of the individual crown without removing the whole structure, excellent precision, avoids casting errors, light weight, reduced complexity of laboratory procedures, high definition of morphology, and time-consuming. This case report presents replacement of partially edentulous maxilla using 3D-printed Malo bridge.
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