In a randomised crossover study in volunteers plasma midazolam levels were estimated for 24 h following 15 mg by mouth, either preceded by no medication or following 24 h therapy with ranitidine. Administration of the H2‐receptor blocker significantly increased bioavailability of the benzodiazepine and resulted in higher plasma levels for the first 6 h after taking midazolam. This was accompanied by a greater soporific effect.
SummaryIntramuscular midazolam is better absorbed than when given orally. Addition of hyaluronida.se to the injection significantly increases uptake but causes a high incidence of pain at the injection site. Concurrent administration of oral midazolam and metoclopramide does not increase its uptake.
The new non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, zopiclone, was investigated as a preanaesthetic medication in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy patients scheduled for minor gynaecological surgery. Initially a dose-finding study was conducted in which zopiclone 3.75 mg, 7.5, and 11.25 mg was compared with diazepam 10 mg and placebo; 7.5 mg was established as the optimum dose of zopiclone. In the main study zopiclone 7.5 mg was comparable to diazepam 10 mg at 20, 40, and 60 min after administration and more efficacious at 90 min.
SummaryHigh frequency jet ventilation for thoracic surgery offers some practical advantages over intermittent pressure ventilation using bronchial tubes. Satisfactory blood gases were obtained in 50 patients and good operating conditions were provided.
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