Two stable phases of cobalt oxide nanoparticles of controlled sizes have been synthesized using environ- mentally friendly inorganic precursor. Structural charac- terization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows a single- phase spinal Co3 O4 structure up to annealing temperature of 800 °C and a mixed phase of Co3 O4 and CoO particles for T > 900 °C. Single-phase CoO nanoparticles are also obtained by annealing the particles at a temperature >900 °C and cooling in inert atmosphere. Average macro- and micro- strain were estimated using XRD data. Macrostrain was found to be the minimum for particles annealed at 600 °C, whereas microstrain was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature up to 900 °C. A correlation between the density of localized states (DOS) in the band gap and strain is expected because the origin of both strain and DOS are defects and bond length distortions. Sub-gap absorption measurement and model calculations have been used for the determination of DOS. For cobalt oxide nanoparticle sam- ples we find a correlation between estimated strain and den- sity of states in the band gap.
Gotu Kola, scientifically known as Centella asiatica, has a long history of use as traditional medicine due to its numerous health benefits, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, and wound healing. In this study, the researchers aimed to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a green synthesis method that utilized C. asiatica extract. This method is a more eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical synthesis methods. The AgNPs produced were analyzed using various techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and TEM to determine their size, shape, and structure. We observed that the AgNPs had a size of 390 nm, were crystalline in nature, had a FT-IR peak at 3437cm -1 , and had a size of 37±0.75 nm and 34±0.64 nm based on SEM and TEM analysis, respectively. Furthermore, the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method was used to extract various compounds from C. asiatica, including saponin, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycoside, and alkaloids. The extraction process resulted in different layers that contained phenolic compounds. The researchers found that the green synthesized AgNPs had better radical scavenging activity at their highest concentration, with an IC50 value of 385.364 µg/ml. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C. asiatica AgNPs on A549 lung cancer cells was found to be 216.972 µg/ml, indicating their potential as natural anticancer agents. Overall, this study highlights the potential of C. asiatica extract and its green synthesized AgNPs as natural remedies for cancer treatment. The green synthesis method used to produce AgNPs is also a promising approach to developing environmentally friendly methods for nanoparticle synthesis.
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